-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      name:  <unnamed>
       log:  C:\Users\a15014rs\Dropbox\Sexism and Candidates\Analysis\BJPS replication files\Britain_log_file
> .log
  log type:  text
 opened on:  19 Mar 2025, 12:59:46

. 
. cd "C:\Users\a15014rs\Dropbox\Sexism and Candidates\Data\"
C:\Users\a15014rs\Dropbox\Sexism and Candidates\Data

. 
. import delimited "HoC-GE2017-constituency-results.csv", clear
(29 vars, 650 obs)

. 
. keep constituency_name valid_votes first_party con lab ld ukip green snp pc

. 
. ** drop N Ireland
. drop if constituency_name=="Belfast East"|constituency_name=="Belfast North"|constituency_name=="Belfast So
> uth"| ///
>         constituency_name=="East Antrim"|constituency_name=="East Londonderry"|constituency_name=="Fermanag
> h and South Tyrone"| ///
>         constituency_name=="Lagan Valley"|constituency_name=="North Down"|constituency_name=="Strangford"|c
> onstituency_name=="West Tyrone"
(10 observations deleted)

.         
. rename con votes1

. rename lab votes2 

. rename ld votes3 

. rename ukip votes4

. rename green votes5

. rename snp votes6

. rename pc votes7

. 
. ** Names to match 2019 data
. ** UKIP 2017 = Brexit 2019
. reshape long votes, i(constituency_name) j(party)
(note: j = 1 2 3 4 5 6 7)

Data                               wide   ->   long
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Number of obs.                      640   ->    4480
Number of variables                  10   ->       5
j variable (7 values)                     ->   party
xij variables:
               votes1 votes2 ... votes7   ->   votes
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

. gen party_name="Conservative" if party==1
(3,840 missing values generated)

. replace party_name="Labour" if party==2
(640 real changes made)

. replace party_name="Liberal Democrat" if party==3
variable party_name was str12 now str16
(640 real changes made)

. replace party_name="Brexit Party" if party==4
(640 real changes made)

. replace party_name="Green" if party==5
(640 real changes made)

. replace party_name="Scottish National Party" if party==6
variable party_name was str16 now str23
(640 real changes made)

. replace party_name="Plaid Cymru" if party==7
(640 real changes made)

. 
. drop party

. 
. gen winner=1 if first_party=="Lab"&party_name=="Labour"|first_party=="Con"&party_name=="Conservative"| ///
>         first_party=="SNP"&party_name=="Scottish National Party"|first_party=="PC"&party_name=="Plaid Cymru
> "| ///
>         first_party=="Green"&party_name=="Green"|first_party=="LD"&party_name=="Liberal Democrat"
(3,849 missing values generated)

. 
. drop if votes==0
(1,652 observations deleted)

. 
. replace winner=0 if winner==.
(2,197 real changes made)

. 
. gen share=votes/valid_votes

. 
. gen winnershare=share if winner==1
(2,197 missing values generated)

. saveold "Britain_constituency_data_2017.dta", replace
(saving in Stata 13 format)
(FYI, saveold has options version(12) and version(11) that write files in older Stata formats)
file Britain_constituency_data_2017.dta saved

. 
. **generate dataset with winner's share for each constituency
. collapse winnershare, by(constituency_name)

. saveold "winner_share_2017.dta", replace
(saving in Stata 13 format)
(FYI, saveold has options version(12) and version(11) that write files in older Stata formats)
file winner_share_2017.dta saved

. ** open original dataset
. use "Britain_constituency_data_2017.dta", clear

. drop winnershare

. ** merge in winner's vote shares
. merge m:1 constituency_name using "winner_share_2017.dta"

    Result                           # of obs.
    -----------------------------------------
    not matched                             0
    matched                             2,828  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. ** generate measure of distance
. gen distance=winnershare-share
(2 missing values generated)

. replace distance=0 if winner==1
(0 real changes made)

. drop _merge

. 
. rename share share2017

. 
. drop first_party votes valid_votes winner winnershare

. 
. saveold "Britain_constituency_data_2017_for_merge.dta", replace
(saving in Stata 13 format)
(FYI, saveold has options version(12) and version(11) that write files in older Stata formats)
file Britain_constituency_data_2017_for_merge.dta saved

. 
. ***********************************************************************************************************
> *********
. 
. ** Recode 2019 results - constituency level for candidate characteristics and BESIP for individual-level
. 
. cd "C:\Users\a15014rs\Dropbox\Sexism and Candidates\Data\"
C:\Users\a15014rs\Dropbox\Sexism and Candidates\Data

. 
. import delimited "HoC-GE2019-results-by-candidate-csv.csv", clear
(20 vars, 3320 obs)

. 
. /** drop Northern Ireland (102 candidates) **/
. drop if country=="Northern Ireland"
(102 observations deleted)

. /** drop variables not required **/
. drop sourcelinks ons_id ons_region_id county_name region_name country_name party_abbreviation firstname sur
> name 

. 
. ** keep main parties
. keep if party_name=="Conservative"|party_name=="Labour"|party_name=="Labour and Cooperative"| ///
>         party_name=="Liberal Democrat"|party_name=="Scottish National Party"|party_name=="Plaid Cymru"| ///
>         party_name=="Green"
(806 observations deleted)

.         
. ** descriptives: female candidates
. tab gender

     gender |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
     Female |        920       38.14       38.14
       Male |      1,487       61.65       99.79
 Non-binary |          5        0.21      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |      2,412      100.00

. replace party_name="Labour" if party_name=="Labour and Co-operative"
(0 real changes made)

. tab party_name gender, row

+----------------+
| Key            |
|----------------|
|   frequency    |
| row percentage |
+----------------+

                      |              gender
           party_name |    Female       Male  Non-bin.. |     Total
----------------------+---------------------------------+----------
         Conservative |       194        437          0 |       631 
                      |     30.74      69.26       0.00 |    100.00 
----------------------+---------------------------------+----------
                Green |       202        289          3 |       494 
                      |     40.89      58.50       0.61 |    100.00 
----------------------+---------------------------------+----------
               Labour |       309        271          1 |       581 
                      |     53.18      46.64       0.17 |    100.00 
----------------------+---------------------------------+----------
     Liberal Democrat |       186        424          1 |       611 
                      |     30.44      69.39       0.16 |    100.00 
----------------------+---------------------------------+----------
          Plaid Cymru |         9         27          0 |        36 
                      |     25.00      75.00       0.00 |    100.00 
----------------------+---------------------------------+----------
Scottish National P.. |        20         39          0 |        59 
                      |     33.90      66.10       0.00 |    100.00 
----------------------+---------------------------------+----------
                Total |       920      1,487          5 |     2,412 
                      |     38.14      61.65       0.21 |    100.00 


. tab sitting_mp gender, row

+----------------+
| Key            |
|----------------|
|   frequency    |
| row percentage |
+----------------+

           |              gender
sitting_mp |    Female       Male  Non-bin.. |     Total
-----------+---------------------------------+----------
        No |       746      1,145          5 |     1,896 
           |     39.35      60.39       0.26 |    100.00 
-----------+---------------------------------+----------
       Yes |       174        342          0 |       516 
           |     33.72      66.28       0.00 |    100.00 
-----------+---------------------------------+----------
     Total |       920      1,487          5 |     2,412 
           |     38.14      61.65       0.21 |    100.00 


. 
. bysort constituency_name: egen most_votes = max(votes)

. gen winner = 1 if votes==most_votes
(1,780 missing values generated)

. replace winner = 0 if votes<most_votes
(1,780 real changes made)

. label define winnerlab 0 "lost" 1 "won"

. label values winner winnerlab

. 
. tab winner gender, row

+----------------+
| Key            |
|----------------|
|   frequency    |
| row percentage |
+----------------+

           |              gender
    winner |    Female       Male  Non-bin.. |     Total
-----------+---------------------------------+----------
      lost |       704      1,071          5 |     1,780 
           |     39.55      60.17       0.28 |    100.00 
-----------+---------------------------------+----------
       won |       216        416          0 |       632 
           |     34.18      65.82       0.00 |    100.00 
-----------+---------------------------------+----------
     Total |       920      1,487          5 |     2,412 
           |     38.14      61.65       0.21 |    100.00 


. 
. 
. /*sort observations by constituency*/
. sort constituency_name

. 
. *saveold "Britain_constituency_data.dta", replace
. 
. /* measure of distance from winner in the previous election - 2017 */
. drop if party_name=="Independent"
(0 observations deleted)

. merge 1:1 constituency_name party_name using "Britain_constituency_data_2017_for_merge"

    Result                           # of obs.
    -----------------------------------------
    not matched                           598
        from master                        91  (_merge==1)
        from using                        507  (_merge==2)

    matched                             2,321  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. 
. ** give median distance if a candidate from that party did not stand in 2018 (excluding winners)
. ** This also applies to the Speaker's seat
. codebook distance

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
distance                                                                                          (unlabeled)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                  type:  numeric (float)

                 range:  [0,.84489417]                units:  1.000e-12
         unique values:  2,196                    missing .:  93/2,919

                  mean:   .338246
              std. dev:   .242021

           percentiles:        10%       25%       50%       75%       90%
                                 0   .037268   .417361   .540397   .605249

. tabstat distance if winner!=1, stats(median)

    variable |       p50
-------------+----------
    distance |  .4805175
------------------------

. replace distance = 0.4805175 if distance==.
(93 real changes made)

. 
. ** share to zero if did not stand in 2017
. replace share2017=0 if share2017==.
(91 real changes made)

. 
. /** drop if party ran in 2017 but not in 2019 in that constituency**/
. drop if _merge==2
(507 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. 
. ** Table 4 - gender of candidate distance from winner
. bysort gender: tabstat distance, stats(mean)

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> gender = Female

    variable |      mean
-------------+----------
    distance |   .299998
------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> gender = Male

    variable |      mean
-------------+----------
    distance |  .3215216
------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> gender = Non-binary

    variable |      mean
-------------+----------
    distance |  .4864769
------------------------

. 
. 
. ** Sample of women only and men only races
. encode gender, gen(gender_candidate)

. drop if gender_candidate==3
(5 observations deleted)

. fre gender_candidate

gender_candidate
--------------------------------------------------------------
                 |      Freq.    Percent      Valid       Cum.
-----------------+--------------------------------------------
Valid   1 Female |        920      38.22      38.22      38.22
        2 Male   |       1487      61.78      61.78     100.00
        Total    |       2407     100.00     100.00           
--------------------------------------------------------------

. egen women_race = min(gender_candidate), by(constituency_name)

. egen women_only = max(gender_candidate), by(constituency_name)

. codebook constituency_name

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
constituency_name                                                                                 (unlabeled)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                  type:  string (str43)

         unique values:  632                      missing "":  0/2,407

              examples:  "Cheltenham"
                         "Halifax"
                         "Newcastle Upon Tyne Central"
                         "South Ribble"

               warning:  variable has embedded blanks

. codebook constituency_name if women_race==2

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
constituency_name                                                                                 (unlabeled)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                  type:  string (str43), but longest is str39

         unique values:  95                       missing "":  0/341

              examples:  "Cheltenham"
                         "Glasgow South West"
                         "Newcastle-Under-Lyme"
                         "Stone"

               warning:  variable has embedded blanks

. codebook constituency_name if women_only==1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
constituency_name                                                                                 (unlabeled)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                  type:  string (str43), but longest is str26

         unique values:  16                       missing "":  0/52

              examples:  "Bristol West"
                         "Chichester"
                         "Faversham and Mid Kent"
                         "South West Norfolk"

               warning:  variable has embedded blanks

. drop gender

. 
. tab gender_candidate

gender_cand |
      idate |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
     Female |        920       38.22       38.22
       Male |      1,487       61.78      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |      2,407      100.00

. 
. saveold "Britain_constituency_data.dta", replace
(saving in Stata 13 format)
(FYI, saveold has options version(12) and version(11) that write files in older Stata formats)
file Britain_constituency_data.dta saved

. 
. use "BES2019_W19_v1.0-2.dta", clear

. 
. ** generate string variable for constituency name
. decode pcon, gen(constituency_name)

. ** name names consistent between the two datasets
. replace constituency_name="Ashton-Under-Lyne" if constituency_name=="Ashton-under-Lyne"
(54 real changes made)

. replace constituency_name="Berwick-Upon-Tweed" if constituency_name=="Berwick-upon-Tweed"
(53 real changes made)

. replace constituency_name="Cities Of London and Westminster" if constituency_name=="Cities of London and We
> stminster"
(36 real changes made)

. replace constituency_name="City Of Chester" if constituency_name=="City of Chester"
(56 real changes made)

. replace constituency_name="City Of Durham" if constituency_name=="City of Durham"
(62 real changes made)

. replace constituency_name="Forest Of Dean" if constituency_name=="Forest of Dean"
(50 real changes made)

. replace constituency_name="Isle Of Wight" if constituency_name=="Isle of Wight"
(99 real changes made)

. replace constituency_name="Na h-Eileanan An Iar" if constituency_name=="Na h-Eileanan an Iar"
(14 real changes made)

. replace constituency_name="Newcastle Upon Tyne Central" if constituency_name=="Newcastle upon Tyne Central"
(43 real changes made)

. replace constituency_name="Newcastle Upon Tyne East" if constituency_name=="Newcastle upon Tyne East"
(50 real changes made)

. replace constituency_name="Newcastle Upon Tyne North" if constituency_name=="Newcastle upon Tyne North"
(36 real changes made)

. replace constituency_name="Newcastle-Under-Lyme" if constituency_name=="Newcastle-under-Lyme"
(35 real changes made)

. replace constituency_name="Stoke-On-Trent Central" if constituency_name=="Stoke-on-Trent Central"
(39 real changes made)

. replace constituency_name="Stoke-On-Trent North" if constituency_name=="Stoke-on-Trent North"
(35 real changes made)

. replace constituency_name="Stoke-On-Trent South" if constituency_name=="Stoke-on-Trent South"
(43 real changes made)

. replace constituency_name="Stratford-On-Avon" if constituency_name=="Stratford-on-Avon"
(50 real changes made)

. replace constituency_name="Vale Of Clwyd" if constituency_name=="Vale of Clwyd"
(43 real changes made)

. replace constituency_name="Vale Of Glamorgan" if constituency_name=="Vale of Glamorgan"
(71 real changes made)

. 
. ** variable gender appears in both datasets - rename in BES
. rename gender gender_bes

. 
. ** sort by constituency
. sort constituency_name 

. 
. ** merge candidate data and BESIP
. joinby constituency_name using "Britain_constituency_data.dta"

. 
. ** destring constituency name with names as value labels
. encode constituency_name, generate(pcons)

. 
. ** destring key variables from constituency data
. tab sitting_mp

 sitting_mp |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
         No |     96,009       78.34       78.34
        Yes |     26,546       21.66      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |    122,555      100.00

. encode sitting_mp, gen(incumbent)

. codebook incumbent

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
incumbent                                                                                         (unlabeled)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                  type:  numeric (long)
                 label:  incumbent

                 range:  [1,2]                        units:  1
         unique values:  2                        missing .:  0/122,555

            tabulation:  Freq.   Numeric  Label
                        96,009         1  No
                        26,546         2  Yes

. drop sitting_mp

. 
. ** Create variable identifying which candidate a respondent voted for
. gen vote_choice = 1 if generalElectionVote==1&party_name=="Conservative"
(109,692 missing values generated)

. replace vote_choice = 1 if generalElectionVote==2&party_name=="Labour"| ///
>         generalElectionVote==2&party_name=="Labour and Cooperative"| ///
>         generalElectionVote==3&party_name=="Liberal Democrat"| ///
>         generalElectionVote==4&party_name=="Scottish National Party"| ///
>         generalElectionVote==5&party_name=="Plaid Cymru"| ///
>         generalElectionVote==7&party_name=="Green"
(13,547 real changes made)

. replace vote_choice=0 if vote_choice==.
(96,145 real changes made)

. replace vote_choice=. if generalElectionVote==9999|genElecTurnoutRetro==0|genElecTurnoutRetro==9999
(13,402 real changes made, 13,402 to missing)

. 
. saveold "Britain_data.dta", replace
(saving in Stata 13 format)
(FYI, saveold has options version(12) and version(11) that write files in older Stata formats)
  note: variable label "Like/dislike Siân Berry" contains unicode and thus may not display well in Stata
        13.
  note: variable label "Don�t know / Can�t find institution" contains unicode and thus may not display well
        in Stata 13.
file Britain_data.dta saved

. 
. ***********************************************************************************************************
> ***************
. 
. ** Analysis
. 
. cd "C:\Users\a15014rs\Dropbox\Sexism and Candidates\"
C:\Users\a15014rs\Dropbox\Sexism and Candidates

. 
. use "Data\Britain_data.dta", clear

. 
. * Create variable for women races
. gen sample_races=1 if women_race==1&women_only==2
(19,452 missing values generated)

. **male-female races
. replace sample_races=0 if sample_races==.
(19,452 real changes made)

. codebook constituency_name if sample_races==1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
constituency_name                                                                  Parliamentary Constituency
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                  type:  string (str43)

         unique values:  521                      missing "":  0/103,103

              examples:  "City Of Chester"
                         "Harrogate and Knaresborough"
                         "Newport West"
                         "South East Cambridgeshire"

               warning:  variable has embedded blanks

. **all-women races
. codebook constituency_name if women_race==2

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
constituency_name                                                                  Parliamentary Constituency
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                  type:  string (str43), but longest is str39

         unique values:  95                       missing "":  0/16,726

              examples:  "Cheltenham"
                         "Glasgow South West"
                         "North Durham"
                         "Stratford-On-Avon"

               warning:  variable has embedded blanks

. **all-male races
. codebook constituency_name if women_only==1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
constituency_name                                                                  Parliamentary Constituency
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                  type:  string (str43), but longest is str26

         unique values:  16                       missing "":  0/2,726

              examples:  "Canterbury"
                         "Chippenham"
                         "Guildford"
                         "South West Norfolk"

               warning:  variable has embedded blanks

. 
. ** drop if not in a parliamentary constituency
. drop if pcon==0
(0 observations deleted)

. 
. ** Sexism measures
. gen appreciate = hostileSexism1
(91,593 missing values generated)

. gen control = hostileSexism2
(91,593 missing values generated)

. gen innocent = hostileSexism3
(91,593 missing values generated)

. gen cherished = benevolentSexism1
(91,593 missing values generated)

. gen purity = benevolentSexism2
(91,593 missing values generated)

. gen pedestal = benevolentSexism3
(91,593 missing values generated)

. 
. codebook id if hostileSexism1!=.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
id                                                                                                         ID
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                  type:  numeric (long)

                 range:  [15,98440]                   units:  1
         unique values:  8,126                    missing .:  0/30,962

                  mean:   52880.8
              std. dev:   30151.1

           percentiles:        10%       25%       50%       75%       90%
                              8792     23813     56217     81345     90714

. 
. * remove the DK 
. foreach x in appreciate control innocent cherished purity pedestal {
  2. recode `x' 9999 = .
  3. }
(appreciate: 1440 changes made)
(control: 1643 changes made)
(innocent: 1779 changes made)
(cherished: 922 changes made)
(purity: 2797 changes made)
(pedestal: 1260 changes made)

. 
. * scale to range - 2 to +2 (positive values = high in sexism)
. recode appreciate 1=-2 2=-1 3=0 4=1 5=2
(appreciate: 29522 changes made)

. recode control   1=-2 2=-1 3=0 4=1 5=2
(control: 29319 changes made)

. recode innocent   1=-2 2=-1 3=0 4=1 5=2
(innocent: 29183 changes made)

. recode cherished   1=-2 2=-1 3=0 4=1 5=2
(cherished: 30040 changes made)

. recode purity   1=-2 2=-1 3=0 4=1 5=2
(purity: 28165 changes made)

. recode pedestal   1=-2 2=-1 3=0 4=1 5=2
(pedestal: 29702 changes made)

. 
. * Create scales
. * rowtotal 
. egen hostile = rowtotal(innocent control appreciate), missing
(92316 missing values generated)

. egen benevolent = rowtotal(cherished purity pedestal), missing
(92170 missing values generated)

. pwcorr hostile benevolent 

             |  hostile benevo~t
-------------+------------------
     hostile |   1.0000 
  benevolent |   0.3603   1.0000 

. 
. * Recode -1 to +1 
. gen hostile_rescale = hostile / 6
(92,316 missing values generated)

. gen benevolent_rescale = benevolent/ 6
(92,170 missing values generated)

. 
. gen hostile_rescale2 = hostile_rescale+1
(92,316 missing values generated)

. gen benevolent_rescale2 = benevolent_rescale+1
(92,170 missing values generated)

. 
. gen nothostile=1 if hostile_rescale<0
(108,710 missing values generated)

. replace nothostile=0 if hostile_rescale>=0
(108,710 real changes made)

. gen hostile2=1 if hostile_rescale>0
(19,926 missing values generated)

. replace hostile2=0 if hostile_rescale<=0
(19,926 real changes made)

. 
. ** respondents missing on sexism items
. codebook id if hostile_rescale2!=.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
id                                                                                                         ID
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                  type:  numeric (long)

                 range:  [15,98440]                   units:  1
         unique values:  7,935                    missing .:  0/30,239

                  mean:   52683.9
              std. dev:     30170

           percentiles:        10%       25%       50%       75%       90%
                              8703     23544     55905     81294     90612

. 
. ** Non-party identifiers
. gen nonpartisan=1 if partyId==10
(97,544 missing values generated)

. replace nonpartisan=0 if partyId!=10&partyId!=9999
(92,427 real changes made)

. 
. ** Party
. gen party_candidate=1 if party_name=="Conservative"
(90,444 missing values generated)

. replace party_candidate=2 if party_name=="Labour"
(29,596 real changes made)

. replace party_candidate=3 if party_name=="Liberal Democrat"
(30,985 real changes made)

. replace party_candidate=4 if party_name=="Green"
(24,878 real changes made)

. replace party_candidate=5 if party_name=="Scottish National Party"
(3,223 real changes made)

. replace party_candidate=6 if party_name=="Plaid Cymru"
(1,762 real changes made)

. label define partylab 1 "Conservative" 2 "Labour" 3 "Liberal Democrat" 4 "Green" 5 "SNP" 6 "Plaid Cymru"

. label values party_candidate partylab

. 
. ** respondent gender
. gen female=1 if gender_bes==2
(57,369 missing values generated)

. replace female=0 if gender_bes==1
(57,369 real changes made)

. label define femlab 0 "men" 1 "women"

. label values female femlab

. 
. ** recode candidate gender
. gen gender_candidate2=1 if gender_candidate==1
(75,372 missing values generated)

. replace gender_candidate2=0 if gender_candidate==2
(75,372 real changes made)

. drop if gender_candidate==3
(0 observations deleted)

. tab gender_candidate gender_candidate2

gender_can |   gender_candidate2
    didate |         0          1 |     Total
-----------+----------------------+----------
    Female |         0     47,183 |    47,183 
      Male |    75,372          0 |    75,372 
-----------+----------------------+----------
     Total |    75,372     47,183 |   122,555 


. drop gender_candidate

. rename gender_candidate2 gender_candidate

. label define genderlab 0 "male candidate" 1 "female candidate"

. label values gender_candidate genderlab

. 
. save "Data\Britain_data_recoded.dta", replace
file Data\Britain_data_recoded.dta saved

. 
. ** define sample
. gen fullsample=1 if vote_choice!=.&gender_candidate!=.&party_candidate!=.&incumbent!=.&distance!=.&hostile_
> rescale!=.&generalElectionVote!=.&sample_races==1
(99,736 missing values generated)

. replace fullsample=0 if fullsample!=1
(99,736 real changes made)

. 
. ** identify respondents with all zeros on vote choice dependent var
. clogit vote_choice i.gender_candidate if fullsample==1&sample_races==1 [pw=wt], group(id) or
note: 402 groups (1,432 obs) dropped because of all positive or
      all negative outcomes.

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -6516.4678  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -6516.4291  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -6516.4291  

Conditional (fixed-effects) logistic regression

                                                Number of obs     =     21,387
                                                Wald chi2(1)      =       2.12
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.1458
Log pseudolikelihood = -6516.4291               Pseudo R2         =     0.0002

                                          (Std. Err. adjusted for clustering on id)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  |               Robust
      vote_choice | Odds Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
 gender_candidate |
female candidate  |   .9465387    .035759    -1.45   0.146     .8789842    1.019285
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. gen wanted=e(sample)

. tab wanted

     wanted |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
          0 |    101,168       82.55       82.55
          1 |     21,387       17.45      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |    122,555      100.00

. 
. ** Keep analytical sample
. keep if wanted==1
(101,168 observations deleted)

. 
. ** sample size
. codebook id

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
id                                                                                                         ID
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                  type:  numeric (long)

                 range:  [15,98409]                   units:  1
         unique values:  5,495                    missing .:  0/21,387

                  mean:   51743.8
              std. dev:   30262.5

           percentiles:        10%       25%       50%       75%       90%
                              8006     22417     54935     80299     90410

. 
. 
. ** Scale reliability for the analytical sample
. alpha innocent control appreciate

Test scale = mean(unstandardized items)

Average interitem covariance:     .5419498
Number of items in the scale:            3
Scale reliability coefficient:      0.7488

. 
. ** graph scheme
. set scheme cleanplots

. 
. ** Main Models
. * Voting for female candidates - with and without controls
. quietly clogit vote_choice i.gender_candidate if fullsample==1&sample_races==1 [pw=wt], group(id) or

. outreg using "Output\BJPS resubmission\Table 6 Britain.doc", replace se or starlevels(10 5 1)

                                     -----------------------------------
                                                           vote_choice 
                                     -----------------------------------
                                      1.gender_candidate      0.947    
                                                             (0.036)   
                                      N                      21,387    
                                     -----------------------------------
                                       * p<0.1; ** p<0.05; *** p<0.01


. margins, dydx(gender_candidate) post

Conditional marginal effects                    Number of obs     =     21,387
Model VCE    : Robust

Expression   : Pr(vote_choice|fixed effect is 0), predict(pu0)
dy/dx w.r.t. : 1.gender_candidate

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  |            Delta-method
                  |      dy/dx   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
 gender_candidate |
female candidate  |  -.0137324   .0094375    -1.46   0.146    -.0322297    .0047648
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: dy/dx for factor levels is the discrete change from the base level.

. est store model_1

. clogit vote_choice i.gender_candidate i.party_candidate i.incumbent c.distance ///
>         if fullsample==1&sample_races==1 [pw=wt], group(id) or

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -5148.6554  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -4993.5124  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood =  -4988.943  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -4988.9383  
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -4988.9383  

Conditional (fixed-effects) logistic regression

                                                Number of obs     =     21,387
                                                Wald chi2(8)      =    1566.10
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -4988.9383               Pseudo R2         =     0.2346

                                          (Std. Err. adjusted for clustering on id)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  |               Robust
      vote_choice | Odds Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
 gender_candidate |
female candidate  |    1.00277    .046264     0.06   0.952     .9160729    1.097672
                  |
  party_candidate |
          Labour  |   .7823137   .0367145    -5.23   0.000      .713565    .8576861
Liberal Democrat  |   .7284873   .0576071    -4.01   0.000     .6238942     .850615
           Green  |   .2507648   .0340795   -10.18   0.000     .1921262    .3273005
             SNP  |   1.364797   .1478838     2.87   0.004     1.103661    1.687722
     Plaid Cymru  |   .5786011   .1391286    -2.28   0.023      .361162    .9269504
                  |
        incumbent |
             Yes  |   .9478449   .0603763    -0.84   0.400     .8365983    1.073884
         distance |   .0627381   .0125468   -13.84   0.000     .0423938    .0928454
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. outreg using "Output\BJPS resubmission\Table 6 Britain.doc", merge se or starlevels(10 5 1)

                              -------------------------------------------------
                                                     vote_choice  vote_choice 
                              -------------------------------------------------
                               1.gender_candidate       0.947        1.003    
                                                       (0.036)      (0.046)   
                               2bn.party_candidate                   0.782    
                                                                  (0.037)***  
                               3.party_candidate                     0.728    
                                                                  (0.058)***  
                               4.party_candidate                     0.251    
                                                                  (0.034)***  
                               5.party_candidate                     1.365    
                                                                  (0.148)***  
                               6.party_candidate                     0.579    
                                                                   (0.139)**  
                               2.incumbent                           0.948    
                                                                    (0.060)   
                               distance                              0.063    
                                                                  (0.013)***  
                               N                       21,387       21,387    
                              -------------------------------------------------
                                       * p<0.1; ** p<0.05; *** p<0.01


. margins, dydx(gender_candidate) post

Average marginal effects                        Number of obs     =     21,387
Model VCE    : Robust

Expression   : Pr(vote_choice|fixed effect is 0), predict(pu0)
dy/dx w.r.t. : 1.gender_candidate

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  |            Delta-method
                  |      dy/dx   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
 gender_candidate |
female candidate  |   .0004608   .0076902     0.06   0.952    -.0146116    .0155333
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: dy/dx for factor levels is the discrete change from the base level.

. est store model_2

. coefplot (model_1, label("M1 - Without controls")) (model_2, label("M2 - With controls")), title("Britain")
>  ///
>         ytitle("AME voting for female candidate") ylabel("") xline(0) saving("Output\BJPS resubmission\Brit
> ain_table6", replace)
(file Output\BJPS resubmission\Britain_table6.gph saved)

. 
. 
. * Voting for female candidates by hostile sexism (controlling for sexism*party)
. set more off

. clogit vote_choice i.gender_candidate##c.hostile_rescale2 i.party_candidate i.incumbent c.distance ///
>         if fullsample==1&sample_races==1 [pw=wt], group(id) or
note: hostile_rescale2 omitted because of no within-group variance.

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -5139.8243  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood =  -4983.341  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood =  -4978.802  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -4978.7973  
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -4978.7973  

Conditional (fixed-effects) logistic regression

                                                Number of obs     =     21,387
                                                Wald chi2(9)      =    1575.29
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -4978.7973               Pseudo R2         =     0.2361

                                                            (Std. Err. adjusted for clustering on id)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                    |               Robust
                        vote_choice | Odds Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                   gender_candidate |
                  female candidate  |   1.403542   .1571422     3.03   0.002        1.127    1.747942
                   hostile_rescale2 |          1  (omitted)
                                    |
gender_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2 |
                  female candidate  |   .6931572   .0790832    -3.21   0.001     .5542645     .866855
                                    |
                    party_candidate |
                            Labour  |   .7854821     .03713    -5.11   0.000      .715978    .8617334
                  Liberal Democrat  |   .7312491    .058105    -3.94   0.000     .6257904    .8544798
                             Green  |   .2504367   .0339531   -10.21   0.000     .1919977     .326663
                               SNP  |   1.373841   .1476192     2.96   0.003     1.112948    1.695892
                       Plaid Cymru  |   .5863239   .1400191    -2.24   0.025     .3671669    .9362928
                                    |
                          incumbent |
                               Yes  |   .9478301   .0604056    -0.84   0.400      .836533    1.073935
                           distance |   .0626054   .0125183   -13.86   0.000     .0423068    .0926433
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. outreg using "Output\BJPS resubmission\Table 7 Britain.doc", replace se or ctitles("", " c. gender*sexism")
>  starlevels(10 5 1)

                        ------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                  c. gender*sexism 
                        ------------------------------------------------------------
                         1.gender_candidate                            1.404       
                                                                    (0.157)***     
                         1.gender_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2         0.693       
                                                                    (0.079)***     
                         2bn.party_candidate                           0.785       
                                                                    (0.037)***     
                         3.party_candidate                             0.731       
                                                                    (0.058)***     
                         4.party_candidate                             0.250       
                                                                    (0.034)***     
                         5.party_candidate                             1.374       
                                                                    (0.148)***     
                         6.party_candidate                             0.586       
                                                                     (0.140)**     
                         2.incumbent                                   0.948       
                                                                      (0.060)      
                         distance                                      0.063       
                                                                    (0.013)***     
                         N                                            21,387       
                        ------------------------------------------------------------
                                       * p<0.1; ** p<0.05; *** p<0.01


. clogit vote_choice i.gender_candidate##c.hostile_rescale2 i.party_candidate##c.hostile_rescale2 i.incumbent
>  c.distance ///
>         if fullsample==1&sample_races==1 [pw=wt], group(id) or
note: hostile_rescale2 omitted because of collinearity
note: hostile_rescale2 omitted because of no within-group variance.

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -5010.4899  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -4813.8175  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -4803.7969  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood =  -4803.766  
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood =  -4803.766  

Conditional (fixed-effects) logistic regression

                                                Number of obs     =     21,387
                                                Wald chi2(14)     =    1705.03
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood =  -4803.766               Pseudo R2         =     0.2630

                                                            (Std. Err. adjusted for clustering on id)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                    |               Robust
                        vote_choice | Odds Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                   gender_candidate |
                  female candidate  |   1.003899   .1177043     0.03   0.974     .7977908    1.263255
                   hostile_rescale2 |          1  (omitted)
                                    |
gender_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2 |
                  female candidate  |   1.018849   .1310972     0.15   0.885     .7917425    1.311099
                                    |
                    party_candidate |
                            Labour  |   3.232045   .3989652     9.50   0.000     2.537492    4.116709
                  Liberal Democrat  |    2.26842   .3311006     5.61   0.000     1.704047    3.019713
                             Green  |   .6777885   .2218976    -1.19   0.235     .3567991    1.287551
                               SNP  |   6.430574   1.531905     7.81   0.000     4.031575     10.2571
                       Plaid Cymru  |   1.701597   .7796628     1.16   0.246     .6931714     4.17708
                                    |
                   hostile_rescale2 |          1  (omitted)
                                    |
 party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2 |
                            Labour  |   .2132984    .029022   -11.36   0.000     .1633693    .2784869
                  Liberal Democrat  |   .3026703   .0423225    -8.55   0.000     .2301156    .3981014
                             Green  |   .3574276   .1223574    -3.01   0.003     .1827251    .6991622
                               SNP  |    .193735    .048194    -6.60   0.000     .1189765    .3154678
                       Plaid Cymru  |   .3214283   .1403438    -2.60   0.009     .1365927    .7563809
                                    |
                          incumbent |
                               Yes  |   .9370985   .0623534    -0.98   0.329     .8225217    1.067636
                           distance |   .0618182   .0126224   -13.63   0.000     .0414298    .0922399
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. outreg using "Output\BJPS resubmission\Table 7 Britain.doc", merge se or ctitles("", " c. gender*sexism") s
> tarlevels(10 5 1)

              --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                         c. gender*sexism   c. gender*sexism 
              --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               1.gender_candidate                             1.404              1.004       
                                                           (0.157)***           (0.118)      
               1.gender_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2          0.693              1.019       
                                                           (0.079)***           (0.131)      
               2bn.party_candidate                            0.785              3.232       
                                                           (0.037)***         (0.399)***     
               3.party_candidate                              0.731              2.268       
                                                           (0.058)***         (0.331)***     
               4.party_candidate                              0.250              0.678       
                                                           (0.034)***           (0.222)      
               5.party_candidate                              1.374              6.431       
                                                           (0.148)***         (1.532)***     
               6.party_candidate                              0.586              1.702       
                                                            (0.140)**           (0.780)      
               2.incumbent                                    0.948              0.937       
                                                             (0.060)            (0.062)      
               distance                                       0.063              0.062       
                                                           (0.013)***         (0.013)***     
               2bn.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2                            0.213       
                                                                              (0.029)***     
               3.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2                              0.303       
                                                                              (0.042)***     
               4.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2                              0.357       
                                                                              (0.122)***     
               5.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2                              0.194       
                                                                              (0.048)***     
               6.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2                              0.321       
                                                                              (0.140)***     
               N                                             21,387             21,387       
              --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                       * p<0.1; ** p<0.05; *** p<0.01


. 
. 
. ** Robustness checks
. * for men and women
. clogit vote_choice i.gender_candidate##c.hostile_rescale2 i.party_candidate##c.hostile_rescale2 i.incumbent
>  c.distance ///
>         if fullsample==1&female==1&sample_races==1 [pw=wt], group(id) or
note: hostile_rescale2 omitted because of collinearity
note: hostile_rescale2 omitted because of no within-group variance.

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -2520.9282  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood =  -2427.289  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -2422.1747  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -2422.1566  
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -2422.1566  

Conditional (fixed-effects) logistic regression

                                                Number of obs     =     11,138
                                                Wald chi2(14)     =    1008.59
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -2422.1566               Pseudo R2         =     0.2641

                                                            (Std. Err. adjusted for clustering on id)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                    |               Robust
                        vote_choice | Odds Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                   gender_candidate |
                  female candidate  |   1.106098    .160348     0.70   0.487     .8325251    1.469569
                   hostile_rescale2 |          1  (omitted)
                                    |
gender_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2 |
                  female candidate  |   .9401603   .1575143    -0.37   0.713     .6770048    1.305606
                                    |
                    party_candidate |
                            Labour  |   2.980502   .4145096     7.85   0.000     2.269393    3.914436
                  Liberal Democrat  |   2.121756   .3647802     4.38   0.000     1.514795    2.971921
                             Green  |    .658762   .3081973    -0.89   0.372     .2633296    1.648001
                               SNP  |   5.302822   1.843126     4.80   0.000     2.683188    10.48004
                       Plaid Cymru  |   1.716647   .9108123     1.02   0.308     .6068115    4.856332
                                    |
                   hostile_rescale2 |          1  (omitted)
                                    |
 party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2 |
                            Labour  |   .2266874   .0363531    -9.25   0.000     .1655476    .3104072
                  Liberal Democrat  |   .2676817   .0444973    -7.93   0.000      .193251    .3707796
                             Green  |   .3972954   .2154992    -1.70   0.089     .1372172    1.150319
                               SNP  |   .2111186   .0848602    -3.87   0.000     .0960244    .4641639
                       Plaid Cymru  |   .3363711   .2056275    -1.78   0.075     .1015008    1.114725
                                    |
                          incumbent |
                               Yes  |   .8921265   .0754979    -1.35   0.177      .755774    1.053079
                           distance |   .0540299   .0139501   -11.30   0.000     .0325732    .0896207
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. outreg using "Output\BJPS resubmission\Robustness checks\gender Britain.doc", replace se or ctitles("", "wo
> men") starlevels(10 5 1)

                           ------------------------------------------------------
                                                                       women    
                           ------------------------------------------------------
                            1.gender_candidate                         1.106    
                                                                      (0.160)   
                            1.gender_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2      0.940    
                                                                      (0.158)   
                            2bn.party_candidate                        2.981    
                                                                     (0.415)*** 
                            3.party_candidate                          2.122    
                                                                     (0.365)*** 
                            4.party_candidate                          0.659    
                                                                      (0.308)   
                            5.party_candidate                          5.303    
                                                                     (1.843)*** 
                            6.party_candidate                          1.717    
                                                                      (0.911)   
                            2bn.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2     0.227    
                                                                     (0.036)*** 
                            3.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2       0.268    
                                                                     (0.044)*** 
                            4.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2       0.397    
                                                                      (0.215)*  
                            5.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2       0.211    
                                                                     (0.085)*** 
                            6.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2       0.336    
                                                                      (0.206)*  
                            2.incumbent                                0.892    
                                                                      (0.075)   
                            distance                                   0.054    
                                                                     (0.014)*** 
                            N                                          11,138   
                           ------------------------------------------------------
                                       * p<0.1; ** p<0.05; *** p<0.01


. clogit vote_choice i.gender_candidate##c.hostile_rescale2 i.party_candidate##c.hostile_rescale2 i.incumbent
>  c.distance ///
>         if fullsample==1&female==0&sample_races==1 [pw=wt], group(id) or
note: hostile_rescale2 omitted because of collinearity
note: hostile_rescale2 omitted because of no within-group variance.

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood =  -2480.149  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -2376.5149  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -2371.3048  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -2371.2908  
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -2371.2908  

Conditional (fixed-effects) logistic regression

                                                Number of obs     =     10,249
                                                Wald chi2(14)     =     790.31
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -2371.2908               Pseudo R2         =     0.2651

                                                            (Std. Err. adjusted for clustering on id)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                    |               Robust
                        vote_choice | Odds Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                   gender_candidate |
                  female candidate  |    .890011   .1699159    -0.61   0.542     .6121937    1.293904
                   hostile_rescale2 |          1  (omitted)
                                    |
gender_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2 |
                  female candidate  |   1.118977   .2174213     0.58   0.563      .764592    1.637619
                                    |
                    party_candidate |
                            Labour  |   3.606615   .7867431     5.88   0.000     2.351904    5.530698
                  Liberal Democrat  |   2.842974   .6700137     4.43   0.000     1.791296    4.512099
                             Green  |    .692291   .3335916    -0.76   0.445       .26923    1.780139
                               SNP  |   8.723258   3.014055     6.27   0.000     4.431718    17.17059
                       Plaid Cymru  |    1.66037   1.484307     0.57   0.571     .2879145    9.575164
                                    |
                   hostile_rescale2 |          1  (omitted)
                                    |
 party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2 |
                            Labour  |   .1977196   .0438217    -7.31   0.000     .1280541    .3052855
                  Liberal Democrat  |   .2849272   .0594145    -6.02   0.000     .1893376    .4287763
                             Green  |   .3314681   .1529856    -2.39   0.017     .1341463    .8190397
                               SNP  |   .1603244   .0527952    -5.56   0.000     .0840808    .3057047
                       Plaid Cymru  |   .3145028   .2164834    -1.68   0.093     .0816042    1.212095
                                    |
                          incumbent |
                               Yes  |    .977758    .101994    -0.22   0.829     .7969646    1.199565
                           distance |   .0684466   .0218429    -8.40   0.000     .0366196    .1279353
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. outreg using "Output\BJPS resubmission\Robustness checks\gender Britain.doc", merge se or ctitles("", "men"
> ) starlevels(10 5 1)

                     ------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 women        men     
                     ------------------------------------------------------------------
                      1.gender_candidate                         1.106       0.890    
                                                                (0.160)     (0.170)   
                      1.gender_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2      0.940       1.119    
                                                                (0.158)     (0.217)   
                      2bn.party_candidate                        2.981       3.607    
                                                               (0.415)***  (0.787)*** 
                      3.party_candidate                          2.122       2.843    
                                                               (0.365)***  (0.670)*** 
                      4.party_candidate                          0.659       0.692    
                                                                (0.308)     (0.334)   
                      5.party_candidate                          5.303       8.723    
                                                               (1.843)***  (3.014)*** 
                      6.party_candidate                          1.717       1.660    
                                                                (0.911)     (1.484)   
                      2bn.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2     0.227       0.198    
                                                               (0.036)***  (0.044)*** 
                      3.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2       0.268       0.285    
                                                               (0.044)***  (0.059)*** 
                      4.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2       0.397       0.331    
                                                                (0.215)*   (0.153)**  
                      5.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2       0.211       0.160    
                                                               (0.085)***  (0.053)*** 
                      6.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2       0.336       0.315    
                                                                (0.206)*    (0.216)*  
                      2.incumbent                                0.892       0.978    
                                                                (0.075)     (0.102)   
                      distance                                   0.054       0.068    
                                                               (0.014)***  (0.022)*** 
                      N                                          11,138      10,249   
                     ------------------------------------------------------------------
                                       * p<0.1; ** p<0.05; *** p<0.01


. 
. * for partisans and non partisans
. gen partisan = 1

. replace partisan = 0 if partyId == 10 
(3,463 real changes made)

. replace partisan = . if partyId == 9999
(593 real changes made, 593 to missing)

. 
. clogit vote_choice i.gender_candidate##c.hostile_rescale2 i.party_candidate##c.hostile_rescale2 i.incumbent
>  c.distance ///
>         if fullsample==1&sample_races==1&partisan==0 [pw=wt], group(id) or
note: hostile_rescale2 omitted because of collinearity
note: hostile_rescale2 omitted because of no within-group variance.

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -1024.0036  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -991.54408  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -990.83722  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -990.83674  
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -990.83674  

Conditional (fixed-effects) logistic regression

                                                Number of obs     =      3,463
                                                Wald chi2(14)     =     216.57
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -990.83674               Pseudo R2         =     0.1827

                                                            (Std. Err. adjusted for clustering on id)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                    |               Robust
                        vote_choice | Odds Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                   gender_candidate |
                  female candidate  |   .8883511   .2452665    -0.43   0.668     .5171004     1.52614
                   hostile_rescale2 |          1  (omitted)
                                    |
gender_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2 |
                  female candidate  |   .9530614   .2795923    -0.16   0.870     .5363032     1.69368
                                    |
                    party_candidate |
                            Labour  |   1.976199   .6024061     2.23   0.025     1.087322    3.591725
                  Liberal Democrat  |   3.330765   .9950622     4.03   0.000     1.854592    5.981904
                             Green  |   1.594681   .9357687     0.80   0.426     .5048745     5.03691
                               SNP  |   2.839462   1.676998     1.77   0.077     .8923036    9.035649
                       Plaid Cymru  |   2.170771   1.682835     1.00   0.317     .4750524    9.919423
                                    |
                   hostile_rescale2 |          1  (omitted)
                                    |
 party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2 |
                            Labour  |   .3276479   .1073772    -3.40   0.001     .1723656    .6228224
                  Liberal Democrat  |   .2381638   .0661665    -5.16   0.000     .1381641    .4105405
                             Green  |   .2585031    .152802    -2.29   0.022     .0811555    .8234055
                               SNP  |   .2160383   .1415418    -2.34   0.019     .0598203    .7802116
                       Plaid Cymru  |   .5382184    .439684    -0.76   0.448     .1085402    2.668863
                                    |
                          incumbent |
                               Yes  |   .8675571    .135591    -0.91   0.363     .6386505    1.178509
                           distance |   .0697788   .0314073    -5.92   0.000     .0288802     .168596
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. outreg using "Output\BJPS resubmission\Robustness checks\partisanship Britain.doc", replace se or ctitles("
> ", " c. non-partisan") starlevels(10 5 1)

                        ------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                   c. non-partisan 
                        ------------------------------------------------------------
                         1.gender_candidate                            0.888       
                                                                      (0.245)      
                         1.gender_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2         0.953       
                                                                      (0.280)      
                         2bn.party_candidate                           1.976       
                                                                     (0.602)**     
                         3.party_candidate                             3.331       
                                                                     (0.995)***    
                         4.party_candidate                             1.595       
                                                                      (0.936)      
                         5.party_candidate                             2.839       
                                                                      (1.677)*     
                         6.party_candidate                             2.171       
                                                                      (1.683)      
                         2bn.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2        0.328       
                                                                     (0.107)***    
                         3.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2          0.238       
                                                                     (0.066)***    
                         4.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2          0.259       
                                                                     (0.153)**     
                         5.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2          0.216       
                                                                     (0.142)**     
                         6.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2          0.538       
                                                                      (0.440)      
                         2.incumbent                                   0.868       
                                                                      (0.136)      
                         distance                                      0.070       
                                                                     (0.031)***    
                         N                                             3,463       
                        ------------------------------------------------------------
                                       * p<0.1; ** p<0.05; *** p<0.01


. clogit vote_choice i.gender_candidate##c.hostile_rescale2 i.party_candidate##c.hostile_rescale2 i.incumbent
>  c.distance ///
>         if fullsample==1&sample_races==1&partisan==1 [pw=wt], group(id) or
note: hostile_rescale2 omitted because of collinearity
note: hostile_rescale2 omitted because of no within-group variance.

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -3759.1981  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -3599.7763  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -3589.2092  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -3589.1704  
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -3589.1704  

Conditional (fixed-effects) logistic regression

                                                Number of obs     =     17,331
                                                Wald chi2(14)     =    1590.05
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -3589.1704               Pseudo R2         =     0.2962

                                                            (Std. Err. adjusted for clustering on id)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                    |               Robust
                        vote_choice | Odds Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                   gender_candidate |
                  female candidate  |   1.001874   .1297936     0.01   0.988     .7772113    1.291478
                   hostile_rescale2 |          1  (omitted)
                                    |
gender_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2 |
                  female candidate  |   1.064341   .1520097     0.44   0.662     .8044735    1.408153
                                    |
                    party_candidate |
                            Labour  |    3.72035   .5158586     9.48   0.000     2.835028     4.88214
                  Liberal Democrat  |   2.097399   .3650795     4.26   0.000     1.491139    2.950147
                             Green  |   .5897488   .2160981    -1.44   0.150     .2875851    1.209394
                               SNP  |   8.639957   2.324541     8.01   0.000     5.099173    14.63941
                       Plaid Cymru  |   1.520272   .8220315     0.77   0.439     .5268238    4.387099
                                    |
                   hostile_rescale2 |          1  (omitted)
                                    |
 party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2 |
                            Labour  |   .1842499   .0280628   -11.11   0.000      .136698    .2483434
                  Liberal Democrat  |   .3079229   .0521795    -6.95   0.000     .2209025    .4292235
                             Green  |   .3045231   .1148747    -3.15   0.002     .1453862    .6378484
                               SNP  |   .1721647   .0476566    -6.36   0.000     .1000748    .2961854
                       Plaid Cymru  |    .272011   .1426875    -2.48   0.013     .0972917    .7604965
                                    |
                          incumbent |
                               Yes  |   .9382468   .0707597    -0.85   0.398     .8093234    1.087708
                           distance |   .0574562   .0133961   -12.25   0.000     .0363812    .0907396
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. outreg using "Output\BJPS resubmission\Robustness checks\partisanship Britain.doc", merge se or ctitles("",
>  " c. partisan") starlevels(10 5 1)

                 --------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                            c. non-partisan   c. partisan 
                 --------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  1.gender_candidate                            0.888           1.002     
                                                               (0.245)         (0.130)    
                  1.gender_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2         0.953           1.064     
                                                               (0.280)         (0.152)    
                  2bn.party_candidate                           1.976           3.720     
                                                              (0.602)**       (0.516)***  
                  3.party_candidate                             3.331           2.097     
                                                              (0.995)***      (0.365)***  
                  4.party_candidate                             1.595           0.590     
                                                               (0.936)         (0.216)    
                  5.party_candidate                             2.839           8.640     
                                                               (1.677)*       (2.325)***  
                  6.party_candidate                             2.171           1.520     
                                                               (1.683)         (0.822)    
                  2bn.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2        0.328           0.184     
                                                              (0.107)***      (0.028)***  
                  3.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2          0.238           0.308     
                                                              (0.066)***      (0.052)***  
                  4.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2          0.259           0.305     
                                                              (0.153)**       (0.115)***  
                  5.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2          0.216           0.172     
                                                              (0.142)**       (0.048)***  
                  6.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2          0.538           0.272     
                                                               (0.440)        (0.143)**   
                  2.incumbent                                   0.868           0.938     
                                                               (0.136)         (0.071)    
                  distance                                      0.070           0.057     
                                                              (0.031)***      (0.013)***  
                  N                                             3,463           17,331    
                 --------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                       * p<0.1; ** p<0.05; *** p<0.01


. 
. * By party 
. clogit vote_choice i.gender_candidate##c.hostile_rescale2 i.party_candidate##c.hostile_rescale2 i.incumbent
>  c.distance ///
>         if fullsample==1&sample_races==1&partyId==1 [pw=wt], group(id) or
note: hostile_rescale2 omitted because of collinearity
note: hostile_rescale2 omitted because of no within-group variance.

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -731.14249  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -542.37926  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -538.10677  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -538.02214  
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -538.02209  

Conditional (fixed-effects) logistic regression

                                                Number of obs     =      7,377
                                                Wald chi2(14)     =    1210.55
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -538.02209               Pseudo R2         =     0.7441

                                                            (Std. Err. adjusted for clustering on id)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                    |               Robust
                        vote_choice | Odds Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                   gender_candidate |
                  female candidate  |   .5973107   .2440186    -1.26   0.207     .2682007    1.330272
                   hostile_rescale2 |          1  (omitted)
                                    |
gender_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2 |
                  female candidate  |   1.720148   .6905747     1.35   0.177     .7831416    3.778254
                                    |
                    party_candidate |
                            Labour  |   .0935409   .0487345    -4.55   0.000     .0336922    .2597017
                  Liberal Democrat  |   .1875892   .0554115    -5.67   0.000     .1051413    .3346895
                             Green  |    .048066   .0549652    -2.65   0.008     .0051104    .4520832
                               SNP  |   .1487142   .1151525    -2.46   0.014     .0326024    .6783528
                       Plaid Cymru  |   .1116383   .1892914    -1.29   0.196     .0040229    3.098073
                                    |
                   hostile_rescale2 |          1  (omitted)
                                    |
 party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2 |
                            Labour  |   .2671557   .1502817    -2.35   0.019     .0887039    .8046118
                  Liberal Democrat  |    .588539   .1539872    -2.03   0.043     .3524229    .9828479
                             Green  |   .3011159   .2958064    -1.22   0.222     .0439077     2.06503
                               SNP  |   .0969574   .0650875    -3.48   0.001     .0260117     .361404
                       Plaid Cymru  |   1.206046   1.899468     0.12   0.905     .0550503    26.42215
                                    |
                          incumbent |
                               Yes  |   .7635023   .1590248    -1.30   0.195     .5075972    1.148422
                           distance |   .1309248   .0858246    -3.10   0.002     .0362274    .4731587
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. outreg using "Output\BJPS resubmission\Robustness checks\party Britain.doc", replace se or ctitles("", " c.
>  Conservative identifiers") starlevels(10 5 1)

                  ------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                             c. Conservative identifiers 
                  ------------------------------------------------------------------------
                   1.gender_candidate                                  0.597             
                                                                      (0.244)            
                   1.gender_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2               1.720             
                                                                      (0.691)            
                   2bn.party_candidate                                 0.094             
                                                                     (0.049)***          
                   3.party_candidate                                   0.188             
                                                                     (0.055)***          
                   4.party_candidate                                   0.048             
                                                                     (0.055)***          
                   5.party_candidate                                   0.149             
                                                                     (0.115)**           
                   6.party_candidate                                   0.112             
                                                                      (0.189)            
                   2bn.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2              0.267             
                                                                     (0.150)**           
                   3.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2                0.589             
                                                                     (0.154)**           
                   4.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2                0.301             
                                                                      (0.296)            
                   5.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2                0.097             
                                                                     (0.065)***          
                   6.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2                1.206             
                                                                      (1.899)            
                   2.incumbent                                         0.764             
                                                                      (0.159)            
                   distance                                            0.131             
                                                                     (0.086)***          
                   N                                                   7,377             
                  ------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                       * p<0.1; ** p<0.05; *** p<0.01


. clogit vote_choice i.gender_candidate##c.hostile_rescale2 i.party_candidate##c.hostile_rescale2 i.incumbent
>  c.distance ///
>         if fullsample==1&sample_races==1&partyId==2 [pw=wt], group(id) or
note: hostile_rescale2 omitted because of collinearity
note: hostile_rescale2 omitted because of no within-group variance.

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -1028.2923  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -881.70019  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -875.71764  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -875.67795  
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -875.67793  

Conditional (fixed-effects) logistic regression

                                                Number of obs     =      5,668
                                                Wald chi2(14)     =     795.31
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -875.67793               Pseudo R2         =     0.5094

                                                            (Std. Err. adjusted for clustering on id)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                    |               Robust
                        vote_choice | Odds Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                   gender_candidate |
                  female candidate  |   1.232343   .2783935     0.92   0.355     .7914803     1.91877
                   hostile_rescale2 |          1  (omitted)
                                    |
gender_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2 |
                  female candidate  |    1.16016   .2719458     0.63   0.526     .7328129    1.836719
                                    |
                    party_candidate |
                            Labour  |   19.43382   6.706987     8.60   0.000     9.880796    38.22296
                  Liberal Democrat  |   4.132658   1.864187     3.15   0.002     1.707119    10.00449
                             Green  |   2.195314   1.568552     1.10   0.271     .5411439    8.905952
                               SNP  |   11.89031   8.293436     3.55   0.000     3.030291    46.65544
                       Plaid Cymru  |   8.343071   6.210725     2.85   0.004     1.939443    35.89012
                                    |
                   hostile_rescale2 |          1  (omitted)
                                    |
 party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2 |
                            Labour  |   .2688436   .0717903    -4.92   0.000     .1592943    .4537316
                  Liberal Democrat  |   .3420191   .1021499    -3.59   0.000     .1904689    .6141528
                             Green  |   .1165014   .0819239    -3.06   0.002     .0293606    .4622714
                               SNP  |   .0748066    .057185    -3.39   0.001     .0167205    .3346805
                       Plaid Cymru  |   .0484577   .0393041    -3.73   0.000     .0098845    .2375595
                                    |
                          incumbent |
                               Yes  |   .8103295   .1250963    -1.36   0.173     .5987639    1.096649
                           distance |   .0740008   .0423719    -4.55   0.000     .0240907    .2273127
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. outreg using "Output\BJPS resubmission\Robustness checks\party Britain.doc", merge se or ctitles("", " c. L
> abour identifiers") starlevels(10 5 1)

      ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                 c. Conservative identifiers   c. Labour identifiers 
      ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       1.gender_candidate                                  0.597                      1.232          
                                                          (0.244)                    (0.278)         
       1.gender_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2               1.720                      1.160          
                                                          (0.691)                    (0.272)         
       2bn.party_candidate                                 0.094                      19.434         
                                                         (0.049)***                 (6.707)***       
       3.party_candidate                                   0.188                      4.133          
                                                         (0.055)***                 (1.864)***       
       4.party_candidate                                   0.048                      2.195          
                                                         (0.055)***                  (1.569)         
       5.party_candidate                                   0.149                      11.890         
                                                         (0.115)**                  (8.293)***       
       6.party_candidate                                   0.112                      8.343          
                                                          (0.189)                   (6.211)***       
       2bn.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2              0.267                      0.269          
                                                         (0.150)**                  (0.072)***       
       3.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2                0.589                      0.342          
                                                         (0.154)**                  (0.102)***       
       4.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2                0.301                      0.117          
                                                          (0.296)                   (0.082)***       
       5.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2                0.097                      0.075          
                                                         (0.065)***                 (0.057)***       
       6.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2                1.206                      0.048          
                                                          (1.899)                   (0.039)***       
       2.incumbent                                         0.764                      0.810          
                                                          (0.159)                    (0.125)         
       distance                                            0.131                      0.074          
                                                         (0.086)***                 (0.042)***       
       N                                                   7,377                      5,668          
      ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                       * p<0.1; ** p<0.05; *** p<0.01


. 
. * Using "women seek to gain power by getting control over men" (consistent across countries)
. clogit vote_choice i.gender_candidate##c.control i.party_candidate##c.control i.incumbent c.distance ///
>         if fullsample==1&sample_races==1 [pw=wt], group(id) or
note: control omitted because of collinearity
note: control omitted because of no within-group variance.

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood =  -4909.245  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -4733.4427  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -4726.0469  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -4726.0308  
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -4726.0308  

Conditional (fixed-effects) logistic regression

                                                Number of obs     =     20,786
                                                Wald chi2(14)     =    1643.24
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -4726.0308               Pseudo R2         =     0.2539

                                                   (Std. Err. adjusted for clustering on id)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                           |               Robust
               vote_choice | Odds Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
          gender_candidate |
         female candidate  |   1.008976   .0520013     0.17   0.862     .9120344    1.116223
                   control |          1  (omitted)
                           |
gender_candidate#c.control |
         female candidate  |   .9949028   .0494886    -0.10   0.918     .9024851    1.096784
                           |
           party_candidate |
                   Labour  |   .6897662   .0368663    -6.95   0.000     .6211655     .765943
         Liberal Democrat  |   .6712722   .0552336    -4.84   0.000     .5712945    .7887461
                    Green  |   .2315213   .0341363    -9.92   0.000      .173415    .3090973
                      SNP  |   1.200188   .1419274     1.54   0.123     .9518992    1.513239
              Plaid Cymru  |   .5194325   .1412978    -2.41   0.016     .3047771    .8852703
                           |
                   control |          1  (omitted)
                           |
 party_candidate#c.control |
                   Labour  |   .6208423   .0322463    -9.18   0.000     .5607511    .6873729
         Liberal Democrat  |   .6796637   .0339309    -7.74   0.000     .6163103    .7495294
                    Green  |   .7253628   .0905802    -2.57   0.010     .5678855    .9265091
                      SNP  |    .561931   .0593044    -5.46   0.000     .4569302    .6910606
              Plaid Cymru  |   .6815001   .1285486    -2.03   0.042     .4708768    .9863354
                           |
                 incumbent |
                      Yes  |   .9339818   .0612838    -1.04   0.298     .8212706    1.062161
                  distance |   .0621421   .0125946   -13.71   0.000     .0417705     .092449
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. outreg using "Output\BJPS resubmission\Robustness checks\control item Britain.doc", replace se or starlevel
> s(10 5 1)

                               ----------------------------------------------
                                                                vote_choice 
                               ----------------------------------------------
                                1.gender_candidate                 1.009    
                                                                  (0.052)   
                                1.gender_candidate#c.control       0.995    
                                                                  (0.049)   
                                2bn.party_candidate                0.690    
                                                                (0.037)***  
                                3.party_candidate                  0.671    
                                                                (0.055)***  
                                4.party_candidate                  0.232    
                                                                (0.034)***  
                                5.party_candidate                  1.200    
                                                                  (0.142)   
                                6.party_candidate                  0.519    
                                                                 (0.141)**  
                                2bn.party_candidate#c.control      0.621    
                                                                (0.032)***  
                                3.party_candidate#c.control        0.680    
                                                                (0.034)***  
                                4.party_candidate#c.control        0.725    
                                                                 (0.091)**  
                                5.party_candidate#c.control        0.562    
                                                                (0.059)***  
                                6.party_candidate#c.control        0.682    
                                                                 (0.129)**  
                                2.incumbent                        0.934    
                                                                  (0.061)   
                                distance                           0.062    
                                                                (0.013)***  
                                N                                 20,786    
                               ----------------------------------------------
                                       * p<0.1; ** p<0.05; *** p<0.01


. 
. * Benevolent sexism
. clogit vote_choice i.gender_candidate##c.benevolent_rescale2 i.party_candidate##c.benevolent_rescale2 i.inc
> umbent c.distance ///
>         if fullsample==1&sample_races==1 [pw=wt], group(id) or
note: benevolent_rescale2 omitted because of collinearity
note: benevolent_rescale2 omitted because of no within-group variance.

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -5081.9637  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -4913.0106  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -4906.9102  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -4906.9008  
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -4906.9008  

Conditional (fixed-effects) logistic regression

                                                Number of obs     =     21,339
                                                Wald chi2(14)     =    1604.32
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -4906.9008               Pseudo R2         =     0.2451

                                                               (Std. Err. adjusted for clustering on id)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                       |               Robust
                           vote_choice | Odds Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                      gender_candidate |
                     female candidate  |   .9213026   .1096412    -0.69   0.491     .7296315    1.163325
                   benevolent_rescale2 |          1  (omitted)
                                       |
gender_candidate#c.benevolent_rescale2 |
                     female candidate  |   1.116089   .1451128     0.84   0.398     .8650208    1.440029
                                       |
                       party_candidate |
                               Labour  |   1.827142   .2156058     5.11   0.000      1.44987    2.302584
                     Liberal Democrat  |   1.634532   .2443073     3.29   0.001      1.21946    2.190883
                                Green  |   .5869958   .1459256    -2.14   0.032     .3606023    .9555238
                                  SNP  |   1.938937   .5104708     2.52   0.012      1.15735    3.248348
                          Plaid Cymru  |   1.908611   .7541154     1.64   0.102     .8798268    4.140354
                                       |
                   benevolent_rescale2 |          1  (omitted)
                                       |
 party_candidate#c.benevolent_rescale2 |
                               Labour  |   .3926182   .0499682    -7.35   0.000     .3059417    .5038509
                     Liberal Democrat  |   .4116407   .0613578    -5.95   0.000     .3073554    .5513097
                                Green  |   .3965049   .1148539    -3.19   0.001     .2247422    .6995399
                                  SNP  |   .6977841   .1905932    -1.32   0.188     .4085293    1.191842
                          Plaid Cymru  |   .2734225   .1355657    -2.62   0.009     .1034665    .7225515
                                       |
                             incumbent |
                                  Yes  |   .9523919   .0619296    -0.75   0.453     .8384286    1.081846
                              distance |   .0619081   .0124445   -13.84   0.000     .0417486    .0918021
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. outreg using "Output\BJPS resubmission\Robustness checks\benevolent Britain.doc", replace se or starlevels(
> 10 5 1)

                         ----------------------------------------------------------
                                                                      vote_choice 
                         ----------------------------------------------------------
                          1.gender_candidate                             0.921    
                                                                        (0.110)   
                          1.gender_candidate#c.benevolent_rescale2       1.116    
                                                                        (0.145)   
                          2bn.party_candidate                            1.827    
                                                                      (0.216)***  
                          3.party_candidate                              1.635    
                                                                      (0.244)***  
                          4.party_candidate                              0.587    
                                                                       (0.146)**  
                          5.party_candidate                              1.939    
                                                                       (0.510)**  
                          6.party_candidate                              1.909    
                                                                        (0.754)   
                          2bn.party_candidate#c.benevolent_rescale2      0.393    
                                                                      (0.050)***  
                          3.party_candidate#c.benevolent_rescale2        0.412    
                                                                      (0.061)***  
                          4.party_candidate#c.benevolent_rescale2        0.397    
                                                                      (0.115)***  
                          5.party_candidate#c.benevolent_rescale2        0.698    
                                                                        (0.191)   
                          6.party_candidate#c.benevolent_rescale2        0.273    
                                                                      (0.136)***  
                          2.incumbent                                    0.952    
                                                                        (0.062)   
                          distance                                       0.062    
                                                                      (0.012)***  
                          N                                             21,339    
                         ----------------------------------------------------------
                                       * p<0.1; ** p<0.05; *** p<0.01


. 
. 
. * Vote share at previous election as a control
. * correlation between vote share at previous election and distance from the winning party = -0.9246
. clogit vote_choice i.gender_candidate i.party_candidate i.incumbent c.share2017 ///
>         if fullsample==1&sample_races==1 [pw=wt], group(id) or

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -5172.9678  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -4999.6635  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood =  -4989.476  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -4989.4583  
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -4989.4583  

Conditional (fixed-effects) logistic regression

                                                Number of obs     =     21,387
                                                Wald chi2(8)      =    1563.03
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -4989.4583               Pseudo R2         =     0.2345

                                          (Std. Err. adjusted for clustering on id)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  |               Robust
      vote_choice | Odds Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
 gender_candidate |
female candidate  |   1.002121   .0462674     0.05   0.963     .9154206    1.097033
                  |
  party_candidate |
          Labour  |   .7822841   .0367327    -5.23   0.000     .7135029    .8576958
Liberal Democrat  |   .7283833   .0575213    -4.01   0.000     .6239353     .850316
           Green  |   .2551258   .0347027   -10.04   0.000     .1954215    .3330707
             SNP  |   1.370838   .1484784     2.91   0.004     1.108641    1.695047
     Plaid Cymru  |   .5763494   .1383275    -2.30   0.022     .3600743     .922528
                  |
        incumbent |
             Yes  |   .9475806   .0604028    -0.84   0.398     .8362901    1.073681
        share2017 |   15.93599    3.17847    13.88   0.000     10.77966     23.5588
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. outreg using "Output\BJPS resubmission\Robustness checks\vote share control Britain.doc", replace se or sta
> rlevels(10 5 1)

                                    ------------------------------------
                                                           vote_choice 
                                    ------------------------------------
                                     1.gender_candidate       1.002    
                                                             (0.046)   
                                     2bn.party_candidate      0.782    
                                                           (0.037)***  
                                     3.party_candidate        0.728    
                                                           (0.058)***  
                                     4.party_candidate        0.255    
                                                           (0.035)***  
                                     5.party_candidate        1.371    
                                                           (0.148)***  
                                     6.party_candidate        0.576    
                                                            (0.138)**  
                                     2.incumbent              0.948    
                                                             (0.060)   
                                     share2017               15.936    
                                                           (3.178)***  
                                     N                       21,387    
                                    ------------------------------------
                                       * p<0.1; ** p<0.05; *** p<0.01


. clogit vote_choice i.gender_candidate##c.hostile_rescale2 i.party_candidate i.incumbent c.share2017 ///
>         if fullsample==1&sample_races==1 [pw=wt], group(id) or
note: hostile_rescale2 omitted because of no within-group variance.

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -5164.3849  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -4989.4345  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -4979.2426  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -4979.2251  
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -4979.2251  

Conditional (fixed-effects) logistic regression

                                                Number of obs     =     21,387
                                                Wald chi2(9)      =    1576.17
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -4979.2251               Pseudo R2         =     0.2361

                                                            (Std. Err. adjusted for clustering on id)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                    |               Robust
                        vote_choice | Odds Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                   gender_candidate |
                  female candidate  |   1.404805   .1573913     3.03   0.002     1.127844    1.749777
                   hostile_rescale2 |          1  (omitted)
                                    |
gender_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2 |
                  female candidate  |   .6919268   .0791105    -3.22   0.001     .5530179    .8657273
                                    |
                    party_candidate |
                            Labour  |   .7854683   .0371524    -5.11   0.000     .7159243    .8617678
                  Liberal Democrat  |   .7313074   .0580626    -3.94   0.000     .6259192    .8544402
                             Green  |   .2550227    .034649   -10.06   0.000     .1954021    .3328346
                               SNP  |    1.37998   .1482287     3.00   0.003        1.118    1.703348
                       Plaid Cymru  |   .5841992   .1392601    -2.25   0.024     .3661452     .932113
                                    |
                          incumbent |
                               Yes  |   .9473445   .0604195    -0.85   0.396     .8360269    1.073484
                          share2017 |   15.98612   3.188907    13.89   0.000     10.81299    23.63418
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. outreg using "Output\BJPS resubmission\Robustness checks\vote share control Britain.doc", merge se or starl
> evels(10 5 1)

                     -------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                              vote_choice  vote_choice 
                     -------------------------------------------------------------------
                      1.gender_candidate                         1.002        1.405    
                                                                (0.046)    (0.157)***  
                      2bn.party_candidate                        0.782        0.785    
                                                              (0.037)***   (0.037)***  
                      3.party_candidate                          0.728        0.731    
                                                              (0.058)***   (0.058)***  
                      4.party_candidate                          0.255        0.255    
                                                              (0.035)***   (0.035)***  
                      5.party_candidate                          1.371        1.380    
                                                              (0.148)***   (0.148)***  
                      6.party_candidate                          0.576        0.584    
                                                               (0.138)**    (0.139)**  
                      2.incumbent                                0.948        0.947    
                                                                (0.060)      (0.060)   
                      share2017                                 15.936       15.986    
                                                              (3.178)***   (3.189)***  
                      1.gender_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2                   0.692    
                                                                           (0.079)***  
                      N                                         21,387       21,387    
                     -------------------------------------------------------------------
                                       * p<0.1; ** p<0.05; *** p<0.01


. clogit vote_choice i.gender_candidate##c.hostile_rescale2 i.party_candidate##c.hostile_rescale2 i.incumbent
>  c.share2017 ///
>         if fullsample==1&sample_races==1 [pw=wt], group(id) or
note: hostile_rescale2 omitted because of collinearity
note: hostile_rescale2 omitted because of no within-group variance.

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -5033.2263  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -4824.2441  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -4804.3916  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -4804.3226  
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -4804.3226  

Conditional (fixed-effects) logistic regression

                                                Number of obs     =     21,387
                                                Wald chi2(14)     =    1691.42
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -4804.3226               Pseudo R2         =     0.2629

                                                            (Std. Err. adjusted for clustering on id)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                    |               Robust
                        vote_choice | Odds Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                   gender_candidate |
                  female candidate  |   1.005772   .1181168     0.05   0.961     .7989789    1.266087
                   hostile_rescale2 |          1  (omitted)
                                    |
gender_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2 |
                  female candidate  |   1.016005   .1311337     0.12   0.902     .7889205    1.308455
                                    |
                    party_candidate |
                            Labour  |   3.230046   .3988162     9.50   0.000     2.535772    4.114407
                  Liberal Democrat  |   2.267403   .3310315     5.61   0.000     1.703165    3.018565
                             Green  |   .6860467   .2268211    -1.14   0.254     .3588633    1.311531
                               SNP  |   6.458452   1.538312     7.83   0.000      4.04934    10.30084
                       Plaid Cymru  |   1.697764   .7775772     1.16   0.248     .6918731    4.166086
                                    |
                   hostile_rescale2 |          1  (omitted)
                                    |
 party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2 |
                            Labour  |   .2134367   .0290653   -11.34   0.000     .1634385      .27873
                  Liberal Democrat  |   .3027528   .0423216    -8.55   0.000     .2301968    .3981778
                             Green  |   .3594174   .1238605    -2.97   0.003     .1829206    .7062129
                               SNP  |   .1937458   .0481702    -6.60   0.000     .1190149    .3154009
                       Plaid Cymru  |   .3207854   .1400762    -2.60   0.009     .1363087    .7549281
                                    |
                          incumbent |
                               Yes  |   .9369343    .062394    -0.98   0.328     .8222889    1.067564
                          share2017 |    16.1666   3.292734    13.66   0.000     10.84551    24.09835
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. outreg using "Output\BJPS resubmission\Robustness checks\vote share control Britain.doc", merge se or starl
> evels(10 5 1)

              ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                        vote_choice  vote_choice  vote_choice 
              ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               1.gender_candidate                          1.002        1.405        1.006    
                                                          (0.046)    (0.157)***     (0.118)   
               2bn.party_candidate                         0.782        0.785        3.230    
                                                        (0.037)***   (0.037)***   (0.399)***  
               3.party_candidate                           0.728        0.731        2.267    
                                                        (0.058)***   (0.058)***   (0.331)***  
               4.party_candidate                           0.255        0.255        0.686    
                                                        (0.035)***   (0.035)***     (0.227)   
               5.party_candidate                           1.371        1.380        6.458    
                                                        (0.148)***   (0.148)***   (1.538)***  
               6.party_candidate                           0.576        0.584        1.698    
                                                         (0.138)**    (0.139)**     (0.778)   
               2.incumbent                                 0.948        0.947        0.937    
                                                          (0.060)      (0.060)      (0.062)   
               share2017                                  15.936       15.986       16.167    
                                                        (3.178)***   (3.189)***   (3.293)***  
               1.gender_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2                    0.692        1.016    
                                                                     (0.079)***     (0.131)   
               2bn.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2                                0.213    
                                                                                  (0.029)***  
               3.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2                                  0.303    
                                                                                  (0.042)***  
               4.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2                                  0.359    
                                                                                  (0.124)***  
               5.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2                                  0.194    
                                                                                  (0.048)***  
               6.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2                                  0.321    
                                                                                  (0.140)***  
               N                                          21,387       21,387       21,387    
              ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                       * p<0.1; ** p<0.05; *** p<0.01


. 
. ** Revision #2 - Scotland only
. set more off

. clogit vote_choice i.gender_candidate ///
>         if fullsample==1&sample_races==1&gor==11 [pw=wt], group(id) or

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -677.46791  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -677.38416  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -677.38416  

Conditional (fixed-effects) logistic regression

                                                Number of obs     =      2,743
                                                Wald chi2(1)      =       1.97
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.1604
Log pseudolikelihood = -677.38416               Pseudo R2         =     0.0017

                                          (Std. Err. adjusted for clustering on id)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  |               Robust
      vote_choice | Odds Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
 gender_candidate |
female candidate  |    .857988   .0936232    -1.40   0.160      .692785    1.062585
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. outreg using "Output\BJPS resubmission\Table 7 Scotland.doc", replace se or starlevels(10 5 1)

                                     -----------------------------------
                                                           vote_choice 
                                     -----------------------------------
                                      1.gender_candidate      0.858    
                                                             (0.094)   
                                      N                       2,743    
                                     -----------------------------------
                                       * p<0.1; ** p<0.05; *** p<0.01


. clogit vote_choice i.gender_candidate i.party_candidate i.incumbent c.distance ///
>         if fullsample==1&sample_races==1&gor==11 [pw=wt], group(id) or

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood =  -563.2316  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood =  -553.9333  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -553.86322  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood =  -553.8632  

Conditional (fixed-effects) logistic regression

                                                Number of obs     =      2,743
                                                Wald chi2(7)      =     167.68
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood =  -553.8632               Pseudo R2         =     0.1837

                                          (Std. Err. adjusted for clustering on id)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  |               Robust
      vote_choice | Odds Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
 gender_candidate |
female candidate  |   1.017572   .1329461     0.13   0.894     .7876898    1.314543
                  |
  party_candidate |
          Labour  |   .5943515   .0958972    -3.22   0.001     .4332156    .8154226
Liberal Democrat  |   .9152293   .2091694    -0.39   0.698     .5847815    1.432406
           Green  |   .1477044   .0792458    -3.56   0.000     .0516071    .4227436
             SNP  |    1.10425   .1470884     0.74   0.457     .8505223     1.43367
                  |
        incumbent |
             Yes  |    .978328   .1533749    -0.14   0.889     .7195144    1.330238
         distance |   .0141082   .0101285    -5.94   0.000     .0034545    .0576183
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. outreg using "Output\BJPS resubmission\Table 7 Scotland.doc", merge se or starlevels(10 5 1)

                              -------------------------------------------------
                                                     vote_choice  vote_choice 
                              -------------------------------------------------
                               1.gender_candidate       0.858        1.018    
                                                       (0.094)      (0.133)   
                               2bn.party_candidate                   0.594    
                                                                  (0.096)***  
                               3.party_candidate                     0.915    
                                                                    (0.209)   
                               4.party_candidate                     0.148    
                                                                  (0.079)***  
                               5.party_candidate                     1.104    
                                                                    (0.147)   
                               2.incumbent                           0.978    
                                                                    (0.153)   
                               distance                              0.014    
                                                                  (0.010)***  
                               N                        2,743        2,743    
                              -------------------------------------------------
                                       * p<0.1; ** p<0.05; *** p<0.01


. clogit vote_choice i.gender_candidate##c.hostile_rescale2 i.party_candidate i.incumbent c.distance ///
>         if fullsample==1&sample_races==1&gor==11 [pw=wt], group(id) or
note: hostile_rescale2 omitted because of no within-group variance.

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -562.31956  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood =  -552.9333  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood =  -552.8609  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -552.86087  

Conditional (fixed-effects) logistic regression

                                                Number of obs     =      2,743
                                                Wald chi2(8)      =     167.46
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -552.86087               Pseudo R2         =     0.1852

                                                            (Std. Err. adjusted for clustering on id)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                    |               Robust
                        vote_choice | Odds Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                   gender_candidate |
                  female candidate  |   1.406257   .4259438     1.13   0.260      .776681    2.546166
                   hostile_rescale2 |          1  (omitted)
                                    |
gender_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2 |
                  female candidate  |   .7035042    .241351    -1.03   0.305     .3591246    1.378124
                                    |
                    party_candidate |
                            Labour  |   .5903145   .0973937    -3.19   0.001     .4272155    .8156803
                  Liberal Democrat  |   .9208855   .2039251    -0.37   0.710     .5966391    1.421345
                             Green  |   .1458867   .0780694    -3.60   0.000       .05111    .4164141
                               SNP  |   1.104194   .1456586     0.75   0.452      .852629    1.429983
                                    |
                          incumbent |
                               Yes  |   .9831022   .1550852    -0.11   0.914     .7216405    1.339296
                           distance |   .0139424   .0099139    -6.01   0.000       .00346    .0561814
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. outreg using "Output\BJPS resubmission\Table 7 Scotland.doc", merge se or starlevels(10 5 1)

              --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       vote_choice  vote_choice  vote_choice 
              --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               1.gender_candidate                         0.858        1.018        1.406    
                                                         (0.094)      (0.133)      (0.426)   
               2bn.party_candidate                                     0.594        0.590    
                                                                    (0.096)***   (0.097)***  
               3.party_candidate                                       0.915        0.921    
                                                                      (0.209)      (0.204)   
               4.party_candidate                                       0.148        0.146    
                                                                    (0.079)***   (0.078)***  
               5.party_candidate                                       1.104        1.104    
                                                                      (0.147)      (0.146)   
               2.incumbent                                             0.978        0.983    
                                                                      (0.153)      (0.155)   
               distance                                                0.014        0.014    
                                                                    (0.010)***   (0.010)***  
               1.gender_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2                                0.704    
                                                                                   (0.241)   
               N                                          2,743        2,743        2,743    
              --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                       * p<0.1; ** p<0.05; *** p<0.01


. clogit vote_choice i.gender_candidate##c.hostile_rescale2 i.party_candidate##c.hostile_rescale2 i.incumbent
>  c.distance ///
>         if fullsample==1&sample_races==1&gor==11 [pw=wt], group(id) or
note: hostile_rescale2 omitted because of collinearity
note: hostile_rescale2 omitted because of no within-group variance.

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -552.32947  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood =  -536.5463  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -536.17901  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -536.17856  
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -536.17856  

Conditional (fixed-effects) logistic regression

                                                Number of obs     =      2,743
                                                Wald chi2(12)     =     207.38
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -536.17856               Pseudo R2         =     0.2098

                                                            (Std. Err. adjusted for clustering on id)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                    |               Robust
                        vote_choice | Odds Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                   gender_candidate |
                  female candidate  |   1.139694   .3013514     0.49   0.621      .678763     1.91363
                   hostile_rescale2 |          1  (omitted)
                                    |
gender_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2 |
                  female candidate  |   .8762649    .234267    -0.49   0.621     .5188825    1.479796
                                    |
                    party_candidate |
                            Labour  |   2.573462   1.088599     2.23   0.025     1.123186     5.89636
                  Liberal Democrat  |   3.129298   1.405037     2.54   0.011     1.297962    7.544521
                             Green  |   .5658388    .381448    -0.84   0.398     .1509641    2.120859
                               SNP  |   5.287347   1.724875     5.10   0.000     2.789671    10.02127
                                    |
                   hostile_rescale2 |          1  (omitted)
                                    |
 party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2 |
                            Labour  |    .219347   .0960291    -3.47   0.001     .0929993    .5173494
                  Liberal Democrat  |   .2968784   .1303619    -2.77   0.006     .1255476    .7020189
                             Green  |   .2565216   .1304525    -2.68   0.007     .0946783    .6950201
                               SNP  |    .198483   .0629554    -5.10   0.000      .106595    .3695811
                                    |
                          incumbent |
                               Yes  |   .9538684   .1552098    -0.29   0.772     .6934006    1.312178
                           distance |    .013484   .0095395    -6.09   0.000     .0033699    .0539534
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. outreg using "Output\BJPS resubmission\Table 7 Scotland.doc", merge se or starlevels(10 5 1)

       ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                 vote_choice  vote_choice  vote_choice  vote_choice 
       ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        1.gender_candidate                          0.858        1.018        1.406        1.140    
                                                   (0.094)      (0.133)      (0.426)      (0.301)   
        2bn.party_candidate                                      0.594        0.590        2.573    
                                                              (0.096)***   (0.097)***    (1.089)**  
        3.party_candidate                                        0.915        0.921        3.129    
                                                                (0.209)      (0.204)     (1.405)**  
        4.party_candidate                                        0.148        0.146        0.566    
                                                              (0.079)***   (0.078)***     (0.381)   
        5.party_candidate                                        1.104        1.104        5.287    
                                                                (0.147)      (0.146)    (1.725)***  
        2.incumbent                                              0.978        0.983        0.954    
                                                                (0.153)      (0.155)      (0.155)   
        distance                                                 0.014        0.014        0.013    
                                                              (0.010)***   (0.010)***   (0.010)***  
        1.gender_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2                                 0.704        0.876    
                                                                             (0.241)      (0.234)   
        2bn.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2                                             0.219    
                                                                                        (0.096)***  
        3.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2                                               0.297    
                                                                                        (0.130)***  
        4.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2                                               0.257    
                                                                                        (0.130)***  
        5.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2                                               0.198    
                                                                                        (0.063)***  
        N                                           2,743        2,743        2,743        2,743    
       ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                       * p<0.1; ** p<0.05; *** p<0.01


. 
. ** Wales only
. set more off

. clogit vote_choice i.gender_candidate ///
>         if fullsample==1&sample_races==1&gor==10 [pw=wt], group(id) or

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood =  -342.3608  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -341.37226  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -341.37196  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -341.37196  

Conditional (fixed-effects) logistic regression

                                                Number of obs     =      1,478
                                                Wald chi2(1)      =      16.28
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0001
Log pseudolikelihood = -341.37196               Pseudo R2         =     0.0322

                                          (Std. Err. adjusted for clustering on id)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  |               Robust
      vote_choice | Odds Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
 gender_candidate |
female candidate  |   1.872674    .291213     4.03   0.000     1.380686    2.539976
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. outreg using "Output\BJPS resubmission\Table 7 Wales.doc", replace se or starlevels(10 5 1)

                                     -----------------------------------
                                                           vote_choice 
                                     -----------------------------------
                                      1.gender_candidate      1.873    
                                                           (0.291)***  
                                      N                       1,478    
                                     -----------------------------------
                                       * p<0.1; ** p<0.05; *** p<0.01


. clogit vote_choice i.gender_candidate i.party_candidate i.incumbent c.distance ///
>         if fullsample==1&sample_races==1&gor==10 [pw=wt], group(id) or

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -277.17574  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -273.54208  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -273.47587  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -273.47585  

Conditional (fixed-effects) logistic regression

                                                Number of obs     =      1,478
                                                Wald chi2(7)      =     124.03
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -273.47585               Pseudo R2         =     0.2247

                                          (Std. Err. adjusted for clustering on id)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  |               Robust
      vote_choice | Odds Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
 gender_candidate |
female candidate  |    1.60129   .3129965     2.41   0.016     1.091666    2.348823
                  |
  party_candidate |
          Labour  |   .7015034   .2074093    -1.20   0.230     .3929707    1.252274
Liberal Democrat  |   .6385005    .217365    -1.32   0.188      .327632    1.244332
           Green  |   .0754155   .0476671    -4.09   0.000     .0218499    .2602982
     Plaid Cymru  |   .6542071   .2356341    -1.18   0.239      .322944    1.325267
                  |
        incumbent |
             Yes  |   .9872324   .2735834    -0.05   0.963     .5734996    1.699439
         distance |   .0418896   .0341466    -3.89   0.000      .008477    .2069998
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. outreg using "Output\BJPS resubmission\Table 7 Wales.doc", merge se or starlevels(10 5 1)

                              -------------------------------------------------
                                                     vote_choice  vote_choice 
                              -------------------------------------------------
                               1.gender_candidate       1.873        1.601    
                                                     (0.291)***    (0.313)**  
                               2bn.party_candidate                   0.702    
                                                                    (0.207)   
                               3.party_candidate                     0.639    
                                                                    (0.217)   
                               4.party_candidate                     0.075    
                                                                  (0.048)***  
                               6.party_candidate                     0.654    
                                                                    (0.236)   
                               2.incumbent                           0.987    
                                                                    (0.274)   
                               distance                              0.042    
                                                                  (0.034)***  
                               N                        1,478        1,478    
                              -------------------------------------------------
                                       * p<0.1; ** p<0.05; *** p<0.01


. clogit vote_choice i.gender_candidate##c.hostile_rescale2 i.party_candidate i.incumbent c.distance ///
>         if fullsample==1&sample_races==1&gor==10 [pw=wt], group(id) or
note: hostile_rescale2 omitted because of no within-group variance.

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -276.03001  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood =  -271.7652  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -271.69691  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -271.69688  

Conditional (fixed-effects) logistic regression

                                                Number of obs     =      1,478
                                                Wald chi2(8)      =     124.31
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -271.69688               Pseudo R2         =     0.2297

                                                            (Std. Err. adjusted for clustering on id)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                    |               Robust
                        vote_choice | Odds Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                   gender_candidate |
                  female candidate  |   2.880467   1.121282     2.72   0.007      1.34312    6.177474
                   hostile_rescale2 |          1  (omitted)
                                    |
gender_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2 |
                  female candidate  |   .5281922   .1769699    -1.91   0.057      .273904    1.018558
                                    |
                    party_candidate |
                            Labour  |   .6789169    .200085    -1.31   0.189     .3810284    1.209695
                  Liberal Democrat  |   .6670767   .2301238    -1.17   0.241     .3392608    1.311649
                             Green  |   .0772135   .0488898    -4.04   0.000     .0223219    .2670882
                       Plaid Cymru  |   .6769027    .245018    -1.08   0.281     .3329794    1.376053
                                    |
                          incumbent |
                               Yes  |   .9775033   .2663485    -0.08   0.933      .573039    1.667448
                           distance |    .036421    .030099    -4.01   0.000     .0072095    .1839929
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. outreg using "Output\BJPS resubmission\Table 7 Wales.doc", merge se or starlevels(10 5 1)

              --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       vote_choice  vote_choice  vote_choice 
              --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               1.gender_candidate                         1.873        1.601        2.880    
                                                       (0.291)***    (0.313)**   (1.121)***  
               2bn.party_candidate                                     0.702        0.679    
                                                                      (0.207)      (0.200)   
               3.party_candidate                                       0.639        0.667    
                                                                      (0.217)      (0.230)   
               4.party_candidate                                       0.075        0.077    
                                                                    (0.048)***   (0.049)***  
               6.party_candidate                                       0.654        0.677    
                                                                      (0.236)      (0.245)   
               2.incumbent                                             0.987        0.978    
                                                                      (0.274)      (0.266)   
               distance                                                0.042        0.036    
                                                                    (0.034)***   (0.030)***  
               1.gender_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2                                0.528    
                                                                                  (0.177)*   
               N                                          1,478        1,478        1,478    
              --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                       * p<0.1; ** p<0.05; *** p<0.01


. clogit vote_choice i.gender_candidate##c.hostile_rescale2 i.party_candidate##c.hostile_rescale2 i.incumbent
>  c.distance ///
>         if fullsample==1&sample_races==1&gor==10 [pw=wt], group(id) or
note: hostile_rescale2 omitted because of collinearity
note: hostile_rescale2 omitted because of no within-group variance.

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -263.61162  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -255.66478  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -254.69747  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -254.69204  
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -254.69204  

Conditional (fixed-effects) logistic regression

                                                Number of obs     =      1,478
                                                Wald chi2(12)     =     150.76
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -254.69204               Pseudo R2         =     0.2779

                                                            (Std. Err. adjusted for clustering on id)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                    |               Robust
                        vote_choice | Odds Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                   gender_candidate |
                  female candidate  |   1.377089   .6292131     0.70   0.484     .5623868    3.372012
                   hostile_rescale2 |          1  (omitted)
                                    |
gender_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2 |
                  female candidate  |   1.206609   .4754061     0.48   0.634     .5574314    2.611809
                                    |
                    party_candidate |
                            Labour  |   5.353377   3.377943     2.66   0.008     1.554267    18.43869
                  Liberal Democrat  |   1.513933   .8562729     0.73   0.463     .4996561     4.58714
                             Green  |   4.116757   4.042099     1.44   0.150     .6008834    28.20461
                       Plaid Cymru  |   3.087426   2.328019     1.50   0.135     .7043092    13.53412
                                    |
                   hostile_rescale2 |          1  (omitted)
                                    |
 party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2 |
                            Labour  |   .0957178   .0462396    -4.86   0.000     .0371357     .246714
                  Liberal Democrat  |   .4718811   .1812328    -1.96   0.051     .2222882    1.001726
                             Green  |   .0039001    .005441    -3.98   0.000     .0002533    .0600583
                       Plaid Cymru  |    .203966   .1190712    -2.72   0.006     .0649597    .6404302
                                    |
                          incumbent |
                               Yes  |   .9699761   .2845087    -0.10   0.917     .5458719     1.72358
                           distance |   .0273725    .023734    -4.15   0.000     .0050033    .1497508
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. outreg using "Output\BJPS resubmission\Table 7 Wales.doc", merge se or starlevels(10 5 1)

       ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                 vote_choice  vote_choice  vote_choice  vote_choice 
       ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        1.gender_candidate                          1.873        1.601        2.880        1.377    
                                                 (0.291)***    (0.313)**   (1.121)***     (0.629)   
        2bn.party_candidate                                      0.702        0.679        5.353    
                                                                (0.207)      (0.200)    (3.378)***  
        3.party_candidate                                        0.639        0.667        1.514    
                                                                (0.217)      (0.230)      (0.856)   
        4.party_candidate                                        0.075        0.077        4.117    
                                                              (0.048)***   (0.049)***     (4.042)   
        6.party_candidate                                        0.654        0.677        3.087    
                                                                (0.236)      (0.245)      (2.328)   
        2.incumbent                                              0.987        0.978        0.970    
                                                                (0.274)      (0.266)      (0.285)   
        distance                                                 0.042        0.036        0.027    
                                                              (0.034)***   (0.030)***   (0.024)***  
        1.gender_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2                                 0.528        1.207    
                                                                            (0.177)*      (0.475)   
        2bn.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2                                             0.096    
                                                                                        (0.046)***  
        3.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2                                               0.472    
                                                                                         (0.181)*   
        4.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2                                               0.004    
                                                                                        (0.005)***  
        6.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2                                               0.204    
                                                                                        (0.119)***  
        N                                           1,478        1,478        1,478        1,478    
       ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                       * p<0.1; ** p<0.05; *** p<0.01


. 
. ** Table 3 for analytical samople only
. collapse hostile2 nothostile [iw=wt], by(id)

. 
. tab nothostile

     (mean) |
 nothostile |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
          0 |      2,864       52.12       52.12
          1 |      2,631       47.88      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |      5,495      100.00

. tab hostile2

     (mean) |
   hostile2 |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
          0 |      3,697       67.28       67.28
          1 |      1,798       32.72      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |      5,495      100.00

. 
. ** Abstention models
. use "Data\Britain_data_recoded.dta", clear 

. 
. ** 80% turnout in the weighted sample
. ** Abstainers
. gen abstain=1 if genElecTurnoutRetro==0
(110,759 missing values generated)

. replace abstain=0 if genElecTurnoutRetro==1
(110,141 real changes made)

. 
. ** Individual-level covariates
. gen educ=1 if p_education>=1&p_education<=8
(99,815 missing values generated)

. replace educ=2 if p_education>=9&p_education<=10
(16,702 real changes made)

. replace educ=3 if p_education>=11&p_education<=12
(16,538 real changes made)

. replace educ=4 if p_education>=15&p_education<=17
(43,356 real changes made)

. replace educ=5 if p_education>=13&p_education<=14|p_education==18
(18,881 real changes made)

. 
. label define educlab 1 "Below GCSE" 2 "GCSE or equivalent" 3 "A-Level or equivalent" ///
>         4 "University" 5 "Other"

. label values educ educlab

. 
. * employment status
. gen employment = . 
(122,555 missing values generated)

. replace employment = 1 if workingStatus == 1 | workingStatus == 2 | workingStatus == 3
(59,113 real changes made)

. replace employment = 0 if workingStatus == 4 | workingStatus == 8
(13,347 real changes made)

. replace employment = 2 if workingStatus == 5 | workingStatus == 6
(2,591 real changes made)

. replace employment = 3 if workingStatus == 7
(44,354 real changes made)

. label define employment_label_new 0 "Unemployed" 1 "Employed" 2 "Student" 3 "Retired"

. label values employment employment_label_new 

. 
. * socio-economic status
. recode p_socgrade 8 = . 
(p_socgrade: 58 changes made)

. 
. * union membership
. gen union = currentUnionMember
(1,769 missing values generated)

. recode union 9999=. 
(union: 1072 changes made)

. 
. * district competitiveness - distance
. * gender - female 
. 
. * region dummy - gor
. 
. ** Co-partisan
. gen copartisan=1 if party_candidate==1&partyId==1|party_candidate==2&partyId==2| ///
>         party_candidate==3&partyId==3|party_candidate==4&partyId==7|party_candidate==5&partyId==12| ///
>         party_candidate==6&partyId==4|party_candidate==7&partyId==5
(101,823 missing values generated)

. replace copartisan=0 if copartisan==.
(101,823 real changes made)

. drop if copartisan==0
(101,823 observations deleted)

. ** restricting models to these respondents also reduces the number of observations per respondent to 1
. 
. codebook id if hostile_rescale2!=.&copartisan==1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
id                                                                                                         ID
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                  type:  numeric (long)

                 range:  [15,98440]                   units:  1
         unique values:  5,204                    missing .:  0/5,204

                  mean:   52855.3
              std. dev:     30283

           percentiles:        10%       25%       50%       75%       90%
                              8532   23721.5   55693.5   81502.5     90952

. codebook id if hostile_rescale2!=.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
id                                                                                                         ID
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                  type:  numeric (long)

                 range:  [15,98440]                   units:  1
         unique values:  5,204                    missing .:  0/5,204

                  mean:   52855.3
              std. dev:     30283

           percentiles:        10%       25%       50%       75%       90%
                              8532   23721.5   55693.5   81502.5     90952

. 
. ** Turnout model
. logit abstain c.hostile_rescale2##i.gender_candidate i.female i.educ c.age i.employment i.p_socgrade  c.dis
> tance i.incumbent ///
>         i.union i.gor [pw=wt] if sample_races==1

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -1245.7141  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -1153.6063  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -1144.2596  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood =  -1144.237  
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood =  -1144.237  

Logistic regression                             Number of obs     =      4,098
                                                Wald chi2(30)     =      93.38
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood =  -1144.237               Pseudo R2         =     0.0815

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                    |               Robust
                            abstain |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                   hostile_rescale2 |   .8298852   .2511545     3.30   0.001     .3376314    1.322139
                                    |
                   gender_candidate |
                  female candidate  |   .2426419   .3777466     0.64   0.521    -.4977279    .9830117
                                    |
gender_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2 |
                  female candidate  |  -.2808934   .3505046    -0.80   0.423    -.9678698    .4060829
                                    |
                             female |
                             women  |   .3339194   .1713848     1.95   0.051    -.0019886    .6698273
                                    |
                               educ |
                GCSE or equivalent  |   .0679849   .2768742     0.25   0.806    -.4746785    .6106483
             A-Level or equivalent  |  -.8449338   .3302516    -2.56   0.011    -1.492215   -.1976526
                        University  |  -.6284704    .272471    -2.31   0.021    -1.162504    -.094437
                             Other  |  -.2274825   .2768909    -0.82   0.411    -.7701786    .3152137
                                    |
                                age |  -.0207068   .0071583    -2.89   0.004     -.034737   -.0066767
                                    |
                         employment |
                          Employed  |   .2017805   .2799339     0.72   0.471    -.3468799    .7504409
                           Student  |   .3133137   .5460149     0.57   0.566    -.7568559    1.383483
                           Retired  |  -.2258424   .2955899    -0.76   0.445     -.805188    .3535032
                                    |
                         p_socgrade |
                                 B  |   .1048401   .3461617     0.30   0.762    -.5736243    .7833045
                                C1  |   .1215818   .3337061     0.36   0.716    -.5324702    .7756338
                                C2  |   .5068415    .359556     1.41   0.159    -.1978753    1.211558
                                 D  |   .6284754   .3856233     1.63   0.103    -.1273323    1.384283
                                 E  |   1.196732   .3602684     3.32   0.001      .490619    1.902845
                                    |
                           distance |   .8194488    .551076     1.49   0.137    -.2606404    1.899538
                                    |
                          incumbent |
                               Yes  |  -.2147249   .2365172    -0.91   0.364      -.67829    .2488403
                            1.union |   .0278193   .2686668     0.10   0.918     -.498758    .5543965
                                    |
                                gor |
                        North West  |  -.3887591   .4706351    -0.83   0.409    -1.311187    .5336687
          Yorkshire and the Humber  |   .0254938   .4853027     0.05   0.958    -.9256819    .9766696
                     East Midlands  |  -.1942899   .5079986    -0.38   0.702    -1.189949     .801369
                     West Midlands  |   .2966475   .4647051     0.64   0.523    -.6141578    1.207453
                   East of England  |   .2617123   .4882931     0.54   0.592    -.6953246    1.218749
                            London  |   .1613366   .4656918     0.35   0.729    -.7514026    1.074076
                        South East  |  -.1206268   .4512305    -0.27   0.789    -1.005022    .7637688
                        South West  |  -.6276219    .490975    -1.28   0.201    -1.589915    .3346715
                             Wales  |  -.2493474   .5643296    -0.44   0.659    -1.355413    .8567183
                          Scotland  |  -.4972739   .5441209    -0.91   0.361    -1.563731    .5691835
                                    |
                              _cons |  -2.107978   .8092003    -2.61   0.009    -3.693982   -.5219749
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. outreg using "Output\BJPS resubmission\Table 8 Britain.doc", replace se or ctitles("", "Abstention") starle
> vels (10 5 1)

                            -----------------------------------------------------
                                                                     Abstention 
                            -----------------------------------------------------
                             hostile_rescale2                          2.293    
                                                                     (0.576)*** 
                             1.gender_candidate                        1.275    
                                                                      (0.481)   
                             1.gender_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2     0.755    
                                                                      (0.265)   
                             1.female                                  1.396    
                                                                      (0.239)*  
                             2bn.educ                                  1.070    
                                                                      (0.296)   
                             3.educ                                    0.430    
                                                                     (0.142)**  
                             4.educ                                    0.533    
                                                                     (0.145)**  
                             5.educ                                    0.797    
                                                                      (0.221)   
                             age                                       0.980    
                                                                     (0.007)*** 
                             1bn.employment                            1.224    
                                                                      (0.343)   
                             2.employment                              1.368    
                                                                      (0.747)   
                             3.employment                              0.798    
                                                                      (0.236)   
                             2bn.p_socgrade                            1.111    
                                                                      (0.384)   
                             3.p_socgrade                              1.129    
                                                                      (0.377)   
                             4.p_socgrade                              1.660    
                                                                      (0.597)   
                             5.p_socgrade                              1.875    
                                                                      (0.723)   
                             6.p_socgrade                              3.309    
                                                                     (1.192)*** 
                             distance                                  2.269    
                                                                      (1.251)   
                             2.incumbent                               0.807    
                                                                      (0.191)   
                             1.union                                   1.028    
                                                                      (0.276)   
                             2bn.gor                                   0.678    
                                                                      (0.319)   
                             3.gor                                     1.026    
                                                                      (0.498)   
                             4.gor                                     0.823    
                                                                      (0.418)   
                             5.gor                                     1.345    
                                                                      (0.625)   
                             6.gor                                     1.299    
                                                                      (0.634)   
                             7.gor                                     1.175    
                                                                      (0.547)   
                             8.gor                                     0.886    
                                                                      (0.400)   
                             9.gor                                     0.534    
                                                                      (0.262)   
                             10.gor                                    0.779    
                                                                      (0.440)   
                             11.gor                                    0.608    
                                                                      (0.331)   
                             N                                         4,098    
                            -----------------------------------------------------
                                       * p<0.1; ** p<0.05; *** p<0.01


. margins gender_candidate, at(hostile_rescale2=(0(1)2))

Predictive margins                              Number of obs     =      4,098
Model VCE    : Robust

Expression   : Pr(abstain), predict()

1._at        : hostile_re~2    =           0

2._at        : hostile_re~2    =           1

3._at        : hostile_re~2    =           2

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     |            Delta-method
                     |     Margin   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
_at#gender_candidate |
   1#male candidate  |   .0537624   .0138341     3.89   0.000     .0266481    .0808767
 1#female candidate  |    .067039    .016406     4.09   0.000     .0348838    .0991942
   2#male candidate  |   .1118929   .0105609    10.60   0.000     .0911939    .1325919
 2#female candidate  |   .1083409   .0121211     8.94   0.000     .0845839    .1320979
   3#male candidate  |   .2145847   .0415362     5.17   0.000     .1331753    .2959941
 3#female candidate  |   .1690575   .0412402     4.10   0.000     .0882282    .2498869
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. marginsplot, ytitle("Probability of abstaining") xtitle("") xlabel(0 "Not sexist (<1)" 1 "Neutral (1)" 2 "S
> exist (>1)") ///
>         title("Britain") saving("Output\BJPS resubmission\Britain_table8", replace)

  Variables that uniquely identify margins: hostile_rescale2 gender_candidate
(file Output\BJPS resubmission\Britain_table8.gph saved)

. 
. ** Robustness - by party
. logit abstain c.hostile_rescale2##i.gender_candidate i.female i.educ c.age i.employment i.p_socgrade  c.dis
> tance i.incumbent ///
>         i.union i.gor [pw=wt] if sample_races==1&partyId==1

note: 2.employment != 0 predicts failure perfectly
      2.employment dropped and 13 obs not used

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -534.85421  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -484.56608  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -476.74438  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -476.71885  
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -476.71884  

Logistic regression                             Number of obs     =      1,973
                                                Wald chi2(29)     =      59.15
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0008
Log pseudolikelihood = -476.71884               Pseudo R2         =     0.1087

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                    |               Robust
                            abstain |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                   hostile_rescale2 |   .7880232   .3789672     2.08   0.038     .0452612    1.530785
                                    |
                   gender_candidate |
                  female candidate  |   .7776502    .703669     1.11   0.269    -.6015157    2.156816
                                    |
gender_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2 |
                  female candidate  |  -.5035756   .6001298    -0.84   0.401    -1.679808    .6726572
                                    |
                             female |
                             women  |  -.0974563   .2351309    -0.41   0.679    -.5583045    .3633918
                                    |
                               educ |
                GCSE or equivalent  |  -.5730129   .3844006    -1.49   0.136    -1.326424    .1803985
             A-Level or equivalent  |  -1.067451   .4406297    -2.42   0.015    -1.931069   -.2038324
                        University  |  -.7174602   .3712463    -1.93   0.053     -1.44509    .0101693
                             Other  |  -.5066434   .3680823    -1.38   0.169    -1.228072    .2147847
                                    |
                                age |  -.0378106   .0109226    -3.46   0.001    -.0592184   -.0164027
                                    |
                         employment |
                          Employed  |    .023454   .4891333     0.05   0.962    -.9352296    .9821377
                           Student  |          0  (empty)
                           Retired  |  -.0139583   .4753668    -0.03   0.977    -.9456601    .9177435
                                    |
                         p_socgrade |
                                 B  |   .0595597   .4709457     0.13   0.899     -.863477    .9825963
                                C1  |   .0326094   .4525438     0.07   0.943    -.8543601    .9195788
                                C2  |   .4940052   .4576586     1.08   0.280    -.4029891       1.391
                                 D  |   .5430904    .524644     1.04   0.301     -.485193    1.571374
                                 E  |   1.018704    .519523     1.96   0.050     .0004574     2.03695
                                    |
                           distance |   .1096389   .9991922     0.11   0.913    -1.848742     2.06802
                                    |
                          incumbent |
                               Yes  |  -.6759347   .2942097    -2.30   0.022    -1.252575   -.0992943
                            1.union |   .2293131   .3500851     0.66   0.512     -.456841    .9154673
                                    |
                                gor |
                        North West  |   .2658538   .7815779     0.34   0.734    -1.266011    1.797718
          Yorkshire and the Humber  |   .7284496   .7629503     0.95   0.340    -.7669056    2.223805
                     East Midlands  |   1.127763   .7740784     1.46   0.145     -.389403    2.644929
                     West Midlands  |   .8398526   .7532942     1.11   0.265    -.6365769    2.316282
                   East of England  |   1.044901   .7531654     1.39   0.165     -.431276    2.521078
                            London  |   .6971816    .789544     0.88   0.377    -.8502961    2.244659
                        South East  |   .6560635   .7392725     0.89   0.375    -.7928841    2.105011
                        South West  |   .2923111   .7691917     0.38   0.704    -1.215277    1.799899
                             Wales  |   .7536632   .8182972     0.92   0.357    -.8501699    2.357496
                          Scotland  |  -.2214154   .9361569    -0.24   0.813    -2.056249    1.613418
                                    |
                              _cons |    -1.2245   1.193472    -1.03   0.305    -3.563662    1.114662
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. outreg using "Output\BJPS resubmission\Robustness checks\party turnout Britain.doc", replace se or ctitles(
> "", "Conservative identifiers") starlevels (10 5 1)

                     -------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                              Conservative identifiers 
                     -------------------------------------------------------------------
                      hostile_rescale2                                 2.199           
                                                                     (0.833)**         
                      1.gender_candidate                               2.176           
                                                                      (1.531)          
                      1.gender_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2            0.604           
                                                                      (0.363)          
                      1.female                                         0.907           
                                                                      (0.213)          
                      2bn.educ                                         0.564           
                                                                      (0.217)          
                      3.educ                                           0.344           
                                                                     (0.152)**         
                      4.educ                                           0.488           
                                                                      (0.181)*         
                      5.educ                                           0.603           
                                                                      (0.222)          
                      age                                              0.963           
                                                                     (0.011)***        
                      1bn.employment                                   1.024           
                                                                      (0.501)          
                      3.employment                                     0.986           
                                                                      (0.469)          
                      2bn.p_socgrade                                   1.061           
                                                                      (0.500)          
                      3.p_socgrade                                     1.033           
                                                                      (0.468)          
                      4.p_socgrade                                     1.639           
                                                                      (0.750)          
                      5.p_socgrade                                     1.721           
                                                                      (0.903)          
                      6.p_socgrade                                     2.770           
                                                                     (1.439)**         
                      distance                                         1.116           
                                                                      (1.115)          
                      2.incumbent                                      0.509           
                                                                     (0.150)**         
                      1.union                                          1.258           
                                                                      (0.440)          
                      2bn.gor                                          1.305           
                                                                      (1.020)          
                      3.gor                                            2.072           
                                                                      (1.581)          
                      4.gor                                            3.089           
                                                                      (2.391)          
                      5.gor                                            2.316           
                                                                      (1.745)          
                      6.gor                                            2.843           
                                                                      (2.141)          
                      7.gor                                            2.008           
                                                                      (1.585)          
                      8.gor                                            1.927           
                                                                      (1.425)          
                      9.gor                                            1.340           
                                                                      (1.030)          
                      10.gor                                           2.125           
                                                                      (1.739)          
                      11.gor                                           0.801           
                                                                      (0.750)          
                      N                                                1,973           
                     -------------------------------------------------------------------
                                       * p<0.1; ** p<0.05; *** p<0.01


. logit abstain c.hostile_rescale2##i.gender_candidate i.female i.educ c.age i.employment i.p_socgrade  c.dis
> tance i.incumbent ///
>         i.union i.gor [pw=wt] if sample_races==1&partyId==2

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -472.17753  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -419.33905  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -407.82536  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -407.67676  
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -407.67638  
Iteration 5:   log pseudolikelihood = -407.67638  

Logistic regression                             Number of obs     =      1,477
                                                Wald chi2(30)     =      77.97
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -407.67638               Pseudo R2         =     0.1366

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                    |               Robust
                            abstain |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                   hostile_rescale2 |   1.394325   .4948054     2.82   0.005     .4245247    2.364126
                                    |
                   gender_candidate |
                  female candidate  |   .7697327   .6255718     1.23   0.219    -.4563654    1.995831
                                    |
gender_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2 |
                  female candidate  |  -.9469394   .6005342    -1.58   0.115    -2.123965    .2300861
                                    |
                             female |
                             women  |   .3058384     .28499     1.07   0.283    -.2527318    .8644087
                                    |
                               educ |
                GCSE or equivalent  |   1.039532   .4089394     2.54   0.011     .2380255    1.841039
             A-Level or equivalent  |  -.1420367    .498483    -0.28   0.776    -1.119045    .8349721
                        University  |  -.0401449   .4240524    -0.09   0.925    -.8712723    .7909825
                             Other  |  -.4732863   .6512174    -0.73   0.467    -1.749649    .8030764
                                    |
                                age |  -.0089961   .0114355    -0.79   0.431    -.0314092     .013417
                                    |
                         employment |
                          Employed  |   .2798895   .3935011     0.71   0.477    -.4913585    1.051137
                           Student  |   1.000506   .6571913     1.52   0.128    -.2875655    2.288577
                           Retired  |  -.2919703   .4599094    -0.63   0.526    -1.193376    .6094356
                                    |
                         p_socgrade |
                                 B  |   .0255159   .6679882     0.04   0.970    -1.283717    1.334749
                                C1  |   .3736893   .6158462     0.61   0.544     -.833347    1.580726
                                C2  |   .1526179   .6831935     0.22   0.823    -1.186417    1.491652
                                 D  |   .2828793   .7055616     0.40   0.688    -1.099996    1.665755
                                 E  |   1.152096   .6178775     1.86   0.062    -.0589212    2.363114
                                    |
                           distance |  -.7178744   1.334939    -0.54   0.591    -3.334307    1.898558
                                    |
                          incumbent |
                               Yes  |  -.0562008   .3802894    -0.15   0.883    -.8015543    .6891527
                            1.union |  -.6653871   .4299013    -1.55   0.122    -1.507978    .1772039
                                    |
                                gor |
                        North West  |  -.8031651   .6528813    -1.23   0.219    -2.082789    .4764587
          Yorkshire and the Humber  |  -.3560602   .7079687    -0.50   0.615    -1.743653    1.031533
                     East Midlands  |  -1.871538   .8458255    -2.21   0.027    -3.529326   -.2137509
                     West Midlands  |   .0177055   .6497566     0.03   0.978    -1.255794    1.291205
                   East of England  |   .5998254   .7012121     0.86   0.392    -.7745251    1.974176
                            London  |  -.3076381   .6084849    -0.51   0.613    -1.500247    .8849704
                        South East  |  -.4491128   .7334516    -0.61   0.540    -1.886652    .9884258
                        South West  |  -.9759799   .8637793    -1.13   0.259    -2.668956    .7169965
                             Wales  |  -1.803268   .9410292    -1.92   0.055    -3.647651    .0411153
                          Scotland  |  -.1461123   .7435585    -0.20   0.844     -1.60346    1.311236
                                    |
                              _cons |  -3.091146    1.31712    -2.35   0.019    -5.672654   -.5096371
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. outreg using "Output\BJPS resubmission\Robustness checks\party turnout Britain.doc", merge se or ctitles(""
> , "Labour identifiers") starlevels (10 5 1)

           ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                    Conservative identifiers  Labour identifiers 
           ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            hostile_rescale2                                 2.199                  4.032        
                                                           (0.833)**              (1.995)***     
            1.gender_candidate                               2.176                  2.159        
                                                            (1.531)                (1.351)       
            1.gender_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2            0.604                  0.388        
                                                            (0.363)                (0.233)       
            1.female                                         0.907                  1.358        
                                                            (0.213)                (0.387)       
            2bn.educ                                         0.564                  2.828        
                                                            (0.217)               (1.156)**      
            3.educ                                           0.344                  0.868        
                                                           (0.152)**               (0.432)       
            4.educ                                           0.488                  0.961        
                                                            (0.181)*               (0.407)       
            5.educ                                           0.603                  0.623        
                                                            (0.222)                (0.406)       
            age                                              0.963                  0.991        
                                                           (0.011)***              (0.011)       
            1bn.employment                                   1.024                  1.323        
                                                            (0.501)                (0.521)       
            3.employment                                     0.986                  0.747        
                                                            (0.469)                (0.343)       
            2bn.p_socgrade                                   1.061                  1.026        
                                                            (0.500)                (0.685)       
            3.p_socgrade                                     1.033                  1.453        
                                                            (0.468)                (0.895)       
            4.p_socgrade                                     1.639                  1.165        
                                                            (0.750)                (0.796)       
            5.p_socgrade                                     1.721                  1.327        
                                                            (0.903)                (0.936)       
            6.p_socgrade                                     2.770                  3.165        
                                                           (1.439)**               (1.955)*      
            distance                                         1.116                  0.488        
                                                            (1.115)                (0.651)       
            2.incumbent                                      0.509                  0.945        
                                                           (0.150)**               (0.360)       
            1.union                                          1.258                  0.514        
                                                            (0.440)                (0.221)       
            2bn.gor                                          1.305                  0.448        
                                                            (1.020)                (0.292)       
            3.gor                                            2.072                  0.700        
                                                            (1.581)                (0.496)       
            4.gor                                            3.089                  0.154        
                                                            (2.391)               (0.130)**      
            5.gor                                            2.316                  1.018        
                                                            (1.745)                (0.661)       
            6.gor                                            2.843                  1.822        
                                                            (2.141)                (1.277)       
            7.gor                                            2.008                  0.735        
                                                            (1.585)                (0.447)       
            8.gor                                            1.927                  0.638        
                                                            (1.425)                (0.468)       
            9.gor                                            1.340                  0.377        
                                                            (1.030)                (0.325)       
            10.gor                                           2.125                  0.165        
                                                            (1.739)                (0.155)*      
            11.gor                                           0.801                  0.864        
                                                            (0.750)                (0.642)       
            2.employment                                                            2.720        
                                                                                   (1.787)       
            N                                                1,973                  1,477        
           ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                       * p<0.1; ** p<0.05; *** p<0.01


. 
. ** Robustness - using "women seek to gain power by getting control over men"
. logit abstain c.control##i.gender_candidate i.female i.educ c.age i.employment i.p_socgrade  c.distance i.i
> ncumbent ///
>         i.union i.gor [pw=wt] if sample_races==1

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -1225.1392  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -1140.0568  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -1131.9386  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -1131.9192  
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -1131.9192  

Logistic regression                             Number of obs     =      4,006
                                                Wald chi2(30)     =      79.80
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -1131.9192               Pseudo R2         =     0.0761

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                           |               Robust
                   abstain |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                   control |   .2928999   .0979284     2.99   0.003     .1009637    .4848361
                           |
          gender_candidate |
         female candidate  |  -.0978208   .1783987    -0.55   0.583    -.4474758    .2518342
                           |
gender_candidate#c.control |
         female candidate  |  -.2496461   .1446123    -1.73   0.084     -.533081    .0337889
                           |
                    female |
                    women  |   .2533304   .1683437     1.50   0.132    -.0766171     .583278
                           |
                      educ |
       GCSE or equivalent  |   .1024323   .2767778     0.37   0.711    -.4400422    .6449069
    A-Level or equivalent  |  -.8389837   .3347735    -2.51   0.012    -1.495128   -.1828398
               University  |   -.650927   .2760095    -2.36   0.018    -1.191896   -.1099584
                    Other  |  -.2253234   .2837322    -0.79   0.427    -.7814283    .3307816
                           |
                       age |  -.0208465   .0072478    -2.88   0.004     -.035052   -.0066411
                           |
                employment |
                 Employed  |   .2021355   .2870262     0.70   0.481    -.3604255    .7646964
                  Student  |   .2831133   .5434516     0.52   0.602    -.7820323    1.348259
                  Retired  |  -.1914208   .3013838    -0.64   0.525    -.7821221    .3992806
                           |
                p_socgrade |
                        B  |   .1762389   .3616707     0.49   0.626    -.5326226    .8851004
                       C1  |   .2217153   .3475358     0.64   0.523    -.4594424     .902873
                       C2  |    .574954   .3766164     1.53   0.127    -.1632005    1.313109
                        D  |   .7488169    .394884     1.90   0.058    -.0251415    1.522775
                        E  |    1.30162   .3768387     3.45   0.001     .5630294     2.04021
                           |
                  distance |    .641602   .5511873     1.16   0.244    -.4387053    1.721909
                           |
                 incumbent |
                      Yes  |  -.2267808   .2323972    -0.98   0.329     -.682271    .2287094
                   1.union |   .0458096   .2706545     0.17   0.866    -.4846635    .5762826
                           |
                       gor |
               North West  |  -.3842024   .4716206    -0.81   0.415    -1.308562     .540157
 Yorkshire and the Humber  |   .0286355   .4847357     0.06   0.953    -.9214291       .9787
            East Midlands  |  -.2355253   .5067577    -0.46   0.642    -1.228752    .7577015
            West Midlands  |   .2526684   .4657231     0.54   0.587    -.6601321    1.165469
          East of England  |   .2681754   .4859246     0.55   0.581    -.6842193     1.22057
                   London  |   .1902266   .4674362     0.41   0.684    -.7259315    1.106385
               South East  |  -.1917216   .4561706    -0.42   0.674      -1.0858    .7023564
               South West  |  -.6569096   .4933838    -1.33   0.183    -1.623924    .3101049
                    Wales  |  -.3439491   .5923014    -0.58   0.561    -1.504838    .8169404
                 Scotland  |  -.5338358   .5413893    -0.99   0.324    -1.594939    .5272679
                           |
                     _cons |  -1.227566   .7821776    -1.57   0.117    -2.760606     .305474
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. outreg using "Output\BJPS resubmission\Robustness checks\control turnout Britain.doc", replace se or starle
> vels (10 5 1)

                                --------------------------------------------
                                                                 abstain   
                                --------------------------------------------
                                 control                          1.340    
                                                                (0.131)*** 
                                 1.gender_candidate               0.907    
                                                                 (0.162)   
                                 1.gender_candidate#c.control     0.779    
                                                                 (0.113)*  
                                 1.female                         1.288    
                                                                 (0.217)   
                                 2bn.educ                         1.108    
                                                                 (0.307)   
                                 3.educ                           0.432    
                                                                (0.145)**  
                                 4.educ                           0.522    
                                                                (0.144)**  
                                 5.educ                           0.798    
                                                                 (0.226)   
                                 age                              0.979    
                                                                (0.007)*** 
                                 1bn.employment                   1.224    
                                                                 (0.351)   
                                 2.employment                     1.327    
                                                                 (0.721)   
                                 3.employment                     0.826    
                                                                 (0.249)   
                                 2bn.p_socgrade                   1.193    
                                                                 (0.431)   
                                 3.p_socgrade                     1.248    
                                                                 (0.434)   
                                 4.p_socgrade                     1.777    
                                                                 (0.669)   
                                 5.p_socgrade                     2.114    
                                                                 (0.835)*  
                                 6.p_socgrade                     3.675    
                                                                (1.385)*** 
                                 distance                         1.900    
                                                                 (1.047)   
                                 2.incumbent                      0.797    
                                                                 (0.185)   
                                 1.union                          1.047    
                                                                 (0.283)   
                                 2bn.gor                          0.681    
                                                                 (0.321)   
                                 3.gor                            1.029    
                                                                 (0.499)   
                                 4.gor                            0.790    
                                                                 (0.400)   
                                 5.gor                            1.287    
                                                                 (0.600)   
                                 6.gor                            1.308    
                                                                 (0.635)   
                                 7.gor                            1.210    
                                                                 (0.565)   
                                 8.gor                            0.826    
                                                                 (0.377)   
                                 9.gor                            0.518    
                                                                 (0.256)   
                                 10.gor                           0.709    
                                                                 (0.420)   
                                 11.gor                           0.586    
                                                                 (0.317)   
                                 N                                4,006    
                                --------------------------------------------
                                       * p<0.1; ** p<0.05; *** p<0.01


. margins gender_candidate, at(control=(-2(1)2))

Predictive margins                              Number of obs     =      4,006
Model VCE    : Robust

Expression   : Pr(abstain), predict()

1._at        : control         =          -2

2._at        : control         =          -1

3._at        : control         =           0

4._at        : control         =           1

5._at        : control         =           2

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     |            Delta-method
                     |     Margin   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
_at#gender_candidate |
   1#male candidate  |   .0693437   .0135306     5.12   0.000     .0428244    .0958631
 1#female candidate  |   .0986769    .018804     5.25   0.000     .0618217    .1355322
   2#male candidate  |   .0898388   .0111764     8.04   0.000     .0679336    .1117441
 2#female candidate  |   .1023993   .0128582     7.96   0.000     .0771977    .1276009
   3#male candidate  |   .1153729   .0108638    10.62   0.000     .0940801    .1366656
 3#female candidate  |   .1062399   .0124782     8.51   0.000     .0817829    .1306968
   4#male candidate  |   .1466355   .0180941     8.10   0.000     .1111717    .1820992
 4#female candidate  |   .1102008   .0190136     5.80   0.000     .0729348    .1474668
   5#male candidate  |   .1841525    .032334     5.70   0.000     .1207791    .2475259
 5#female candidate  |   .1142843   .0286935     3.98   0.000      .058046    .1705226
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. marginsplot

  Variables that uniquely identify margins: control gender_candidate

. 
. ** Robustness - benevolent sexism
. logit abstain c.benevolent_rescale2##i.gender_candidate i.female i.educ c.age i.employment i.p_socgrade  c.
> distance i.incumbent ///
>         i.union i.gor [pw=wt] if sample_races==1

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -1246.4985  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -1157.9436  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -1149.5018  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -1149.4828  
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -1149.4828  

Logistic regression                             Number of obs     =      4,111
                                                Wald chi2(30)     =      94.51
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -1149.4828               Pseudo R2         =     0.0778

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                       |               Robust
                               abstain |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                   benevolent_rescale2 |   .6820223   .2471791     2.76   0.006     .1975601    1.166484
                                       |
                      gender_candidate |
                     female candidate  |  -.0043922   .4120736    -0.01   0.991    -.8120415    .8032571
                                       |
gender_candidate#c.benevolent_rescale2 |
                     female candidate  |  -.0798221   .3995313    -0.20   0.842    -.8628891    .7032449
                                       |
                                female |
                                women  |   .2638783   .1685086     1.57   0.117    -.0663925    .5941492
                                       |
                                  educ |
                   GCSE or equivalent  |   .0367771   .2748433     0.13   0.894    -.5019059    .5754601
                A-Level or equivalent  |  -.8587212   .3307729    -2.60   0.009    -1.507024   -.2104183
                           University  |  -.6548199   .2755499    -2.38   0.017    -1.194888   -.1147519
                                Other  |   -.207524    .287009    -0.72   0.470    -.7700514    .3550034
                                       |
                                   age |  -.0215363   .0075215    -2.86   0.004    -.0362782   -.0067943
                                       |
                            employment |
                             Employed  |   .1767005   .2976825     0.59   0.553    -.4067465    .7601475
                              Student  |   .3133346   .5436264     0.58   0.564    -.7521535    1.378823
                              Retired  |  -.2433287     .30474    -0.80   0.425    -.8406081    .3539507
                                       |
                            p_socgrade |
                                    B  |   .1436383   .3398724     0.42   0.673    -.5224993     .809776
                                   C1  |   .1719931     .32678     0.53   0.599    -.4684839    .8124701
                                   C2  |    .514714   .3586698     1.44   0.151    -.1882658    1.217694
                                    D  |   .6770296   .3757952     1.80   0.072    -.0595154    1.413575
                                    E  |   1.166249   .3590074     3.25   0.001      .462607     1.86989
                                       |
                              distance |   .7431927    .542157     1.37   0.170    -.3194155    1.805801
                                       |
                             incumbent |
                                  Yes  |   -.239751   .2333327    -1.03   0.304    -.6970748    .2175727
                               1.union |   .0197419   .2638433     0.07   0.940    -.4973815    .5368652
                                       |
                                   gor |
                           North West  |  -.3966467   .4728992    -0.84   0.402    -1.323512    .5302186
             Yorkshire and the Humber  |   .0564791   .4843105     0.12   0.907    -.8927521     1.00571
                        East Midlands  |  -.1972497   .5045405    -0.39   0.696    -1.186131    .7916314
                        West Midlands  |   .3242469   .4681645     0.69   0.489    -.5933386    1.241832
                      East of England  |   .3394749   .4869879     0.70   0.486    -.6150039    1.293954
                               London  |    .114197   .4672796     0.24   0.807    -.8016541    1.030048
                           South East  |  -.0867795   .4530333    -0.19   0.848    -.9747084    .8011493
                           South West  |  -.6243787    .492104    -1.27   0.205    -1.588885    .3401274
                                Wales  |  -.2760155   .5619104    -0.49   0.623     -1.37734    .8253087
                             Scotland  |  -.4860888   .5428003    -0.90   0.371    -1.549958    .5777803
                                       |
                                 _cons |  -1.827753   .8061412    -2.27   0.023     -3.40776   -.2477447
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. outreg using "Output\BJPS resubmission\Robustness checks\benevolent turnout Britain.doc", replace se or sta
> rlevels (10 5 1)

                          --------------------------------------------------------
                                                                       abstain   
                          --------------------------------------------------------
                           benevolent_rescale2                          1.978    
                                                                      (0.489)*** 
                           1.gender_candidate                           0.996    
                                                                       (0.410)   
                           1.gender_candidate#c.benevolent_rescale2     0.923    
                                                                       (0.369)   
                           1.female                                     1.302    
                                                                       (0.219)   
                           2bn.educ                                     1.037    
                                                                       (0.285)   
                           3.educ                                       0.424    
                                                                      (0.140)*** 
                           4.educ                                       0.520    
                                                                      (0.143)**  
                           5.educ                                       0.813    
                                                                       (0.233)   
                           age                                          0.979    
                                                                      (0.007)*** 
                           1bn.employment                               1.193    
                                                                       (0.355)   
                           2.employment                                 1.368    
                                                                       (0.744)   
                           3.employment                                 0.784    
                                                                       (0.239)   
                           2bn.p_socgrade                               1.154    
                                                                       (0.392)   
                           3.p_socgrade                                 1.188    
                                                                       (0.388)   
                           4.p_socgrade                                 1.673    
                                                                       (0.600)   
                           5.p_socgrade                                 1.968    
                                                                       (0.740)*  
                           6.p_socgrade                                 3.210    
                                                                      (1.152)*** 
                           distance                                     2.103    
                                                                       (1.140)   
                           2.incumbent                                  0.787    
                                                                       (0.184)   
                           1.union                                      1.020    
                                                                       (0.269)   
                           2bn.gor                                      0.673    
                                                                       (0.318)   
                           3.gor                                        1.058    
                                                                       (0.512)   
                           4.gor                                        0.821    
                                                                       (0.414)   
                           5.gor                                        1.383    
                                                                       (0.647)   
                           6.gor                                        1.404    
                                                                       (0.684)   
                           7.gor                                        1.121    
                                                                       (0.524)   
                           8.gor                                        0.917    
                                                                       (0.415)   
                           9.gor                                        0.536    
                                                                       (0.264)   
                           10.gor                                       0.759    
                                                                       (0.426)   
                           11.gor                                       0.615    
                                                                       (0.334)   
                           N                                            4,111    
                          --------------------------------------------------------
                                       * p<0.1; ** p<0.05; *** p<0.01


. logit abstain c.benevolent_rescale2##i.gender_candidate c.hostile_rescale2##i.gender_candidate i.female i.e
> duc c.age i.employment i.p_socgrade  c.distance i.incumbent ///
>         i.union i.gor [pw=wt] if sample_races==1

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -1244.8708  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -1148.9164  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -1138.9896  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -1138.9658  
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -1138.9658  

Logistic regression                             Number of obs     =      4,092
                                                Wald chi2(32)     =     104.14
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -1138.9658               Pseudo R2         =     0.0851

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                       |               Robust
                               abstain |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                   benevolent_rescale2 |   .4387763   .2847156     1.54   0.123    -.1192561    .9968087
                                       |
                      gender_candidate |
                     female candidate  |   .2024117   .4820027     0.42   0.675    -.7422963     1.14712
                                       |
gender_candidate#c.benevolent_rescale2 |
                     female candidate  |    .022539   .4244939     0.05   0.958    -.8094538    .8545318
                                       |
                      hostile_rescale2 |   .6978434   .2836772     2.46   0.014     .1418464     1.25384
                                       |
   gender_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2 |
                     female candidate  |  -.2708206   .3765885    -0.72   0.472     -1.00892    .4672794
                                       |
                                female |
                                women  |    .352143   .1707743     2.06   0.039     .0174315    .6868544
                                       |
                                  educ |
                   GCSE or equivalent  |   .0555419   .2764406     0.20   0.841    -.4862717    .5973554
                A-Level or equivalent  |   -.825993   .3294565    -2.51   0.012    -1.471716   -.1802701
                           University  |  -.5877694   .2746405    -2.14   0.032    -1.126055   -.0494839
                                Other  |  -.2016356   .2784643    -0.72   0.469    -.7474157    .3441444
                                       |
                                   age |  -.0209353   .0071959    -2.91   0.004     -.035039   -.0068317
                                       |
                            employment |
                             Employed  |   .1912699   .2885565     0.66   0.507    -.3742904    .7568302
                              Student  |   .3570211   .5467128     0.65   0.514    -.7145163    1.428559
                              Retired  |  -.2348712    .301319    -0.78   0.436    -.8254456    .3557033
                                       |
                            p_socgrade |
                                    B  |   .1295231   .3426832     0.38   0.705    -.5421237    .8011699
                                   C1  |   .1232429   .3312349     0.37   0.710    -.5259656    .7724513
                                   C2  |   .4892856    .357954     1.37   0.172    -.2122913    1.190862
                                    D  |   .6326829   .3830486     1.65   0.099    -.1180787    1.383444
                                    E  |   1.171752   .3592816     3.26   0.001      .467573    1.875931
                                       |
                              distance |   .8715566    .554347     1.57   0.116    -.2149435    1.958057
                                       |
                             incumbent |
                                  Yes  |  -.2235469   .2362012    -0.95   0.344    -.6864926    .2393989
                               1.union |   .0269144   .2626497     0.10   0.918    -.4878695    .5416983
                                       |
                                   gor |
                           North West  |   -.393294   .4696768    -0.84   0.402    -1.313844    .5272555
             Yorkshire and the Humber  |   .0432529   .4847892     0.09   0.929    -.9069164    .9934222
                        East Midlands  |   -.183536   .5046767    -0.36   0.716    -1.172684    .8056122
                        West Midlands  |   .3075755   .4661003     0.66   0.509    -.6059642    1.221115
                      East of England  |   .2790716   .4854628     0.57   0.565     -.672418    1.230561
                               London  |    .123496   .4686732     0.26   0.792    -.7950866    1.042079
                           South East  |  -.0912816   .4513899    -0.20   0.840    -.9759896    .7934263
                           South West  |  -.6096022   .4899428    -1.24   0.213    -1.569872    .3506681
                                Wales  |  -.2662199   .5630862    -0.47   0.636    -1.369849    .8374087
                             Scotland  |  -.4865241   .5447074    -0.89   0.372    -1.554131    .5810827
                                       |
                                 _cons |  -2.411357   .8177074    -2.95   0.003    -4.014034   -.8086795
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. outreg using "Output\BJPS resubmission\Robustness checks\benevolent turnout Britain.doc", merge se or starl
> evels (10 5 1)

                    --------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 abstain     abstain   
                    --------------------------------------------------------------------
                     benevolent_rescale2                          1.978       1.551    
                                                                (0.489)***   (0.442)   
                     1.gender_candidate                           0.996       1.224    
                                                                 (0.410)     (0.590)   
                     1.gender_candidate#c.benevolent_rescale2     0.923       1.023    
                                                                 (0.369)     (0.434)   
                     1.female                                     1.302       1.422    
                                                                 (0.219)    (0.243)**  
                     2bn.educ                                     1.037       1.057    
                                                                 (0.285)     (0.292)   
                     3.educ                                       0.424       0.438    
                                                                (0.140)***  (0.144)**  
                     4.educ                                       0.520       0.556    
                                                                (0.143)**   (0.153)**  
                     5.educ                                       0.813       0.817    
                                                                 (0.233)     (0.228)   
                     age                                          0.979       0.979    
                                                                (0.007)***  (0.007)*** 
                     1bn.employment                               1.193       1.211    
                                                                 (0.355)     (0.349)   
                     2.employment                                 1.368       1.429    
                                                                 (0.744)     (0.781)   
                     3.employment                                 0.784       0.791    
                                                                 (0.239)     (0.238)   
                     2bn.p_socgrade                               1.154       1.138    
                                                                 (0.392)     (0.390)   
                     3.p_socgrade                                 1.188       1.131    
                                                                 (0.388)     (0.375)   
                     4.p_socgrade                                 1.673       1.631    
                                                                 (0.600)     (0.584)   
                     5.p_socgrade                                 1.968       1.883    
                                                                 (0.740)*    (0.721)*  
                     6.p_socgrade                                 3.210       3.228    
                                                                (1.152)***  (1.160)*** 
                     distance                                     2.103       2.391    
                                                                 (1.140)     (1.325)   
                     2.incumbent                                  0.787       0.800    
                                                                 (0.184)     (0.189)   
                     1.union                                      1.020       1.027    
                                                                 (0.269)     (0.270)   
                     2bn.gor                                      0.673       0.675    
                                                                 (0.318)     (0.317)   
                     3.gor                                        1.058       1.044    
                                                                 (0.512)     (0.506)   
                     4.gor                                        0.821       0.832    
                                                                 (0.414)     (0.420)   
                     5.gor                                        1.383       1.360    
                                                                 (0.647)     (0.634)   
                     6.gor                                        1.404       1.322    
                                                                 (0.684)     (0.642)   
                     7.gor                                        1.121       1.131    
                                                                 (0.524)     (0.530)   
                     8.gor                                        0.917       0.913    
                                                                 (0.415)     (0.412)   
                     9.gor                                        0.536       0.544    
                                                                 (0.264)     (0.266)   
                     10.gor                                       0.759       0.766    
                                                                 (0.426)     (0.431)   
                     11.gor                                       0.615       0.615    
                                                                 (0.334)     (0.335)   
                     hostile_rescale2                                         2.009    
                                                                            (0.570)**  
                     1.gender_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2                    0.763    
                                                                             (0.287)   
                     N                                            4,111       4,092    
                    --------------------------------------------------------------------
                                       * p<0.1; ** p<0.05; *** p<0.01


. 
. ** Controlling for previous vote share
. logit abstain c.hostile_rescale2##i.gender_candidate i.female i.educ c.age i.employment i.p_socgrade  c.dis
> tance c.share2017 ///
>         i.union i.gor [pw=wt] if sample_races==1 

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -1245.7141  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -1153.1079  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -1143.2675  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -1143.2422  
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -1143.2422  

Logistic regression                             Number of obs     =      4,098
                                                Wald chi2(30)     =      92.71
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -1143.2422               Pseudo R2         =     0.0823

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                    |               Robust
                            abstain |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                   hostile_rescale2 |   .8385459   .2473007     3.39   0.001     .3538453    1.323246
                                    |
                   gender_candidate |
                  female candidate  |   .2876851   .3768774     0.76   0.445    -.4509812    1.026351
                                    |
gender_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2 |
                  female candidate  |  -.3018286   .3452788    -0.87   0.382    -.9785626    .3749054
                                    |
                             female |
                             women  |    .339819   .1713488     1.98   0.047     .0039815    .6756565
                                    |
                               educ |
                GCSE or equivalent  |   .0853573   .2787892     0.31   0.759    -.4610594     .631774
             A-Level or equivalent  |   -.806866   .3261387    -2.47   0.013    -1.446086    -.167646
                        University  |  -.6114156   .2718148    -2.25   0.024    -1.144163   -.0786683
                             Other  |  -.2359259    .277506    -0.85   0.395    -.7798277    .3079759
                                    |
                                age |  -.0204324   .0070067    -2.92   0.004    -.0341653   -.0066996
                                    |
                         employment |
                          Employed  |   .2149385   .2796608     0.77   0.442    -.3331866    .7630636
                           Student  |    .293401   .5314164     0.55   0.581     -.748156    1.334958
                           Retired  |  -.2099384   .2947118    -0.71   0.476     -.787563    .3676862
                                    |
                         p_socgrade |
                                 B  |    .080236   .3432659     0.23   0.815    -.5925528    .7530248
                                C1  |   .0958368   .3307553     0.29   0.772    -.5524316    .7441052
                                C2  |   .4849277    .359097     1.35   0.177    -.2188895    1.188745
                                 D  |    .584184   .3815067     1.53   0.126    -.1635554    1.331923
                                 E  |    1.16923   .3586226     3.26   0.001     .4663428    1.872117
                                    |
                           distance |   2.475195   1.182568     2.09   0.036     .1574042    4.792985
                          share2017 |   1.473701   1.208997     1.22   0.223    -.8958886    3.843291
                            1.union |   .0162759   .2658027     0.06   0.951    -.5046878    .5372395
                                    |
                                gor |
                        North West  |  -.3996359   .4650475    -0.86   0.390    -1.311112    .5118404
          Yorkshire and the Humber  |   .0531269   .4735788     0.11   0.911    -.8750705    .9813243
                     East Midlands  |  -.1633533     .50294    -0.32   0.745    -1.149098     .822391
                     West Midlands  |    .282182   .4590488     0.61   0.539     -.617537    1.181901
                   East of England  |   .2528775   .4765469     0.53   0.596    -.6811372    1.186892
                            London  |   .0874724   .4560921     0.19   0.848    -.8064518    .9813965
                        South East  |   -.094844   .4374653    -0.22   0.828    -.9522602    .7625723
                        South West  |  -.5743799   .4793254    -1.20   0.231     -1.51384    .3650806
                             Wales  |  -.1474927   .5530511    -0.27   0.790    -1.231453    .9364676
                          Scotland  |  -.1842322   .5584561    -0.33   0.741    -1.278786    .9103216
                                    |
                              _cons |  -3.117073   1.057403    -2.95   0.003    -5.189544   -1.044602
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. outreg using "Output\BJPS resubmission\Robustness checks\vote share control turnout Britain.doc", replace s
> e or starlevels (10 5 1)

                            -----------------------------------------------------
                                                                      abstain   
                            -----------------------------------------------------
                             hostile_rescale2                          2.313    
                                                                     (0.572)*** 
                             1.gender_candidate                        1.333    
                                                                      (0.503)   
                             1.gender_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2     0.739    
                                                                      (0.255)   
                             1.female                                  1.405    
                                                                     (0.241)**  
                             2bn.educ                                  1.089    
                                                                      (0.304)   
                             3.educ                                    0.446    
                                                                     (0.146)**  
                             4.educ                                    0.543    
                                                                     (0.147)**  
                             5.educ                                    0.790    
                                                                      (0.219)   
                             age                                       0.980    
                                                                     (0.007)*** 
                             1bn.employment                            1.240    
                                                                      (0.347)   
                             2.employment                              1.341    
                                                                      (0.713)   
                             3.employment                              0.811    
                                                                      (0.239)   
                             2bn.p_socgrade                            1.084    
                                                                      (0.372)   
                             3.p_socgrade                              1.101    
                                                                      (0.364)   
                             4.p_socgrade                              1.624    
                                                                      (0.583)   
                             5.p_socgrade                              1.794    
                                                                      (0.684)   
                             6.p_socgrade                              3.220    
                                                                     (1.155)*** 
                             distance                                  11.884   
                                                                     (14.054)** 
                             share2017                                 4.365    
                                                                      (5.278)   
                             1.union                                   1.016    
                                                                      (0.270)   
                             2bn.gor                                   0.671    
                                                                      (0.312)   
                             3.gor                                     1.055    
                                                                      (0.499)   
                             4.gor                                     0.849    
                                                                      (0.427)   
                             5.gor                                     1.326    
                                                                      (0.609)   
                             6.gor                                     1.288    
                                                                      (0.614)   
                             7.gor                                     1.091    
                                                                      (0.498)   
                             8.gor                                     0.910    
                                                                      (0.398)   
                             9.gor                                     0.563    
                                                                      (0.270)   
                             10.gor                                    0.863    
                                                                      (0.477)   
                             11.gor                                    0.832    
                                                                      (0.464)   
                             N                                         4,098    
                            -----------------------------------------------------
                                       * p<0.1; ** p<0.05; *** p<0.01


. 
. 
. ** Abstainers versus voters on sexism
. collapse abstain hostile_rescale [iw=wt], by(id)

. drop if hostile_rescale==.
(15,528 observations deleted)

. 
. gen nothostile=1 if hostile_rescale<0
(2,741 missing values generated)

. replace nothostile=0 if hostile_rescale>=0
(2,741 real changes made)

. gen hostile2=1 if hostile_rescale>0
(3,469 missing values generated)

. replace hostile2=0 if hostile_rescale<=0
(3,469 real changes made)

. 
. tab abstain hostile2, row

+----------------+
| Key            |
|----------------|
|   frequency    |
| row percentage |
+----------------+

    (mean) |       hostile2
   abstain |         0          1 |     Total
-----------+----------------------+----------
         0 |     3,278      1,615 |     4,893 
           |     66.99      33.01 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
         1 |       180        120 |       300 
           |     60.00      40.00 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
     Total |     3,458      1,735 |     5,193 
           |     66.59      33.41 |    100.00 


. tab abstain nothostile, row

+----------------+
| Key            |
|----------------|
|   frequency    |
| row percentage |
+----------------+

    (mean) |      nothostile
   abstain |         0          1 |     Total
-----------+----------------------+----------
         0 |     2,548      2,345 |     4,893 
           |     52.07      47.93 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
         1 |       188        112 |       300 
           |     62.67      37.33 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
     Total |     2,736      2,457 |     5,193 
           |     52.69      47.31 |    100.00 


. 
. log close
      name:  <unnamed>
       log:  C:\Users\a15014rs\Dropbox\Sexism and Candidates\Analysis\BJPS replication files\Britain_log_file
> .log
  log type:  text
 closed on:  19 Mar 2025, 13:00:33
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
